Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult

A Adenoviruses Adrenal gland diseases Air Sac Mites Air Sac Rupture Algal biotoxins Amyloidosis Anemia Angel Wing Aneurysm Angular limb deformity (see also Splay leg) Anorexia Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicosis (see toxicosis) Arboviruses (see also EEE, WNV, WEE) Arrhythmias Arthritis (see joint diseases) Ascites Aspergillosis Aspiration pneumonia Atherosclerosis Atoxoplasmosis (see coccidiosis (systemic)) Avian Influenza Avian vacuolar myelinopathy Avocado poisoning (see ingested toxins) Avulavirus (see paramyxoviruses)

B Baylisascaris (see neural larva migrans) Beak Injuries/trauma Beak Malocclusion Bite Wounds (see wounds) Bordetellosis Bornaviral disease (psittaciformes) Bornaviral disease (aquatic birds) Botulism Brachial plexus avulsion/trauma Bumblefoot (See Pododermatitis) Bursa of Fabricius (diseases of)

C Campylobacteriosis Candidiasis Capture myopathy Cardiac Disease (see congestive heart disease, pericardial effusion, arrhythmias, myocardial diseases) Cere and Skin, Color Changes Chlamydiosis (avian) Cholera (see pasteurellosis) Chronic Egg Laying Circovirus (psittacine) Circovirus (pigeon) Circovirus (passerines) Cloacal Diseases Cloacal prolapses (see also cloacal diseases) Clostridiosis CNS Tumors, Brain Tumors, Pituitary Tumors Coagulopathies and Coagulation Coccidiosis, Intestinal Coccidiosis, Systemic Coelomic Distension Colibacillosis Congestive heart failure Conjunctivitis (see ocular lesions) Coxiellosis Crop burn Crop stasis (see ileus) Cryptococcosis Cryptosporidiosis

D Dehydration (see also hypotension) Degenerative joint disease (see joint diseases) Dermatitis/dermatomycosis Diabetes insipidus Diabetes mellitus Diarrhea Discospondylitis Dyslipidemia/Hyperlipidemia Dyspnea (see also respiratory distress) Dystocia and Egg Binding

E Ectoparasites (mites) Ectoparasites (lice) Ectoparasites (flies/dipterans) Egg abnormalities Egg binding (see dystocia) Egg Yolk and Reproductive Coelomitis Emaciation Embryonic death/hatching failure Enteritis and Gastritis Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEE)

F Feather Cyst Feather Damaging Behavior and Self-Injurious Behavior Feather Disorders Flagellate (intestinal) Foreign bodies (intestinal) Fractures

G Giardiasis (See flagellate (intestinal)) Goiter (see Thyroid diseases) Gout (see renal disease and hyperuricemia)

H Head trauma Helminthiasis (gastrointestinal) Helminthiasis (respiratory) Helminthiasis (body cavities, cardiovascular) Helminthiasis (neurological, see neural larva migrans) Heat stroke/hyperthermia Heart failure (see congestive heart failure) Heavy Metal Toxicity (see toxicosis) Hemochromatosis (see iron storage disease) Hemoparasites/hematozoans Hemorrhage Hepatic Lipidosis Hernia/pseudohernia Herpesviruses (Psittacid herpesviruses 1-3) Herpesvirus (Columbid herpesvirus 1, in pigeons and raptors) Herpesvirus (Duck viral enteritis) Herpesvirus (passerine birds) Herpesvirus (chicken, see Marek's disease and infectious laryngotracheitis) Histomoniasis Horner's syndrome Hypercholesterolemia (see dyslipidemia) Hyperglycemia (see Diabetes Mellitus) Hyperparathyroidism (See metabolic bone disease) Hyperuricemia Hypocalcemia (and Hypomagnesemia) (see also nutritional imbalances) Hypotension/hypovolemia Hypothermia Hypothyroidism (see thyroid diseases) Hypovitaminosis A (see nutritional imbalances)

I Incubation (disorders of) Infertility Ileus (functional, crop stasis) Infectious bronchitis (see respiratory infection in chickens) Infectious laryngotracheitis (see respiratory infection in chickens) Internal papillomatosis (see herpesviruses) Iron Storage Disease (ISD)

J Joint diseases

K Knemidocoptic mites (see ectoparasites, mites)

L Lameness Lead (see toxicosis (heavy metals)) Leukemia (See Neoplasia) Leukocytosis Leukopenia Lice (see ectoparasites) Lipomas (see neoplasia) Liver Disease Lung diseases (see also pneumonia and toxicosis (airborne)) Luxations Lymphosarcoma (see neoplasia) Leukosis virus (avian)

M Macrorhabdosis Malaria (see hemoparasites) Marek's disease Metabolic Bone Disease (see hyperparathyroidism) Microsporidiosis / Encephalitozoon Mites (see ectoparasites) Myiasis Myocardial diseases Mycobacteriosis (avian) Mycoplasmosis Mycotoxicosis

N Nails (diseases of) Neoplasia (gastrointestinal and hepatic) Neoplasia (integument) Neoplasia (lymphoproliferative) Neoplasia (neurological) Neoplasia (renal) Neoplasia (respiratory) Neoplasia (reproductive) Neural larva migrans Neurologic (degenerative conditions) Newcastle disease (see paramyxoviruses) Nutritional Imbalances (see also hypovitaminosis A)

O Obesity Ocular Lesions Oil Exposure Oral Plaques Organophosphate and Carbamate Toxicity (see also Toxicosis (environmental/pesticides)) Otitis Ovarian diseases Overgrown Beak (see beak malocclusion) Oviductal diseases

P Pacheco's disease (see herpesviruses) Pain Pancreatic Diseases Papillomas, Cutaneous Paramyxoviruses Parasites (internal) (see helminthiasis, coccidiosis, neural larva migrans) Parasites (external) (see ectoparasites) Pasteurellosis Patagium diseases Pericardial effusion Perosis/slipped tendon Phallus Prolapse/diseases Plant and Avocado Toxins (see toxicosis) Pneumonia Pododermatitis Polydipsia Polyfolliculitis Polyomavirus Polyostotic hyperostosis / osteomyelosclerosis Polyuria Poxvirus Predator attack (see wounds) Problem Behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming Prolapses (see cloacal prolapses) Proventricular Dilatation Disease (see bornaviral diseases) Proventricular diseases (see enteritis and gastritis) Psittacine beak and feather disease (see circoviruses) PTFE toxicosis (see toxicosis)

R Regurgitation and Vomiting Renal Diseases Reoviruses Respiratory Distress (see Dyspnea) Respiratory infections in chicken Rhinitis and Sinusitis

S Salmonellosis Salpingitis (see oviductal diseases) Sarcocystosis Seizures Sepsis Sick Bird Syndrome Spinal trauma Spirochete infection Spironucleus (see flagellate (intestinal)) Splay Leg (see angular limb deformities) Spleen (diseases of) Squamous Cell Carcinoma (see neoplasia) Squamous metaplasia (see hypovitaminosis A) Stroke (See Atherosclerosis) Syringeal disease (see tracheal diseases)

T Tendon rupture Tenosynovitis Thymus (diseases of) Thyroid Diseases Toes (diseases of) Tongue (diseases of) Toxicosis (airborne) Toxicosis (environmental/pesticides) Toxicosis (ingested, gastrointestinal) Toxicosis (heavy metals) Toxicosis (iatrogenic) Toxoplasmosis Tracheal Disease and Syringeal Disease Trauma Trichomoniasis Tumors (See Neoplasia)

U Undigested Food in Droppings Urate and Fecal Discoloration Uropygial Gland Diseases

V Viral Disease (see individual viral diseases)Vitamin D Toxicosis

W West Nile Virus (WNV) Western Equine Encephalitis virus (WEE) Wing droop Wounds (including bite wounds, predator attacks)

X Xanthomas/xanthomatosis

Y Yersiniosis Yolk sac retention Young pigeon syndrome (see circovirus)

Z Zinc (see toxicosis (heavy metals)) Zygomycosis

Additional Appendices Appendix: Differential diagnosis by system and species Appendix: History sheets Appendix I Common Dosages for Birds Appendix II Avian Hematology Reference Values Appendix III Laboratory Testing (USA/Canada/Europe) Appendix IV Viral Diseases of Concern Appendix V Selected Zoonotic Diseases of Concern and Personal Protection Appendix VI Common Avian Toxins and their Clinical Signs Appendix VII Clinical Algorithms Hematological and serum biochemical reference ranges for select parrots List of Illustrations