Reliability and Availability of Cloud Computing

FIGURES

Figure 1.1     Service Models Figure 1.2     OpenCrowd’s Cloud Taxonomy Figure 1.3     Roles in Cloud Computing Figure 2.1     Virtualizing Resources Figure 2.2     Type 1 and Type 2 Hypervisors Figure 2.3     Full Virtualization Figure 2.4     Paravirtualization Figure 2.5     Operating System Virtualization Figure 2.6     Virtualized Machine Lifecycle State Transitions Figure 3.1     Fault Activation and Failures Figure 3.2     Minimum Chargeable Service Disruption Figure 3.3     Eight-Ingredient (“8i”) Framework Figure 3.4     Eight-Ingredient plus Data plus Disaster (8i + 2d) Model Figure 3.5     MTBF and MTTR Figure 3.6     Service and Network Element Impact Outages of Redundant Systems Figure 3.7     Sample DSL Solution Figure 3.8     Transaction Latency Distribution for Sample Service Figure 3.9     Requirements Overlaid on Service Latency Distribution for Sample Solution Figure 3.10     Maximum Acceptable Service Latency Figure 3.11     Downtime of Simplex Systems Figure 3.12     Downtime of Redundant Systems Figure 3.13     Simplified View of High Availability Figure 3.14     High Availability Example Figure 3.15     Disaster Recovery Objectives Figure 3.16     ITU-T G.114 Bearer Delay Guideline Figure 4.1     TL 9000 Outage Attributability Overlaid on Augmented 8i + 2d Framework Figure 4.2     Outage Responsibilities Overlaid on Cloud 8i + 2d Framework Figure 4.3     ITIL Service Management Visualization Figure 4.4     IT Service Management Activities to Minimize Service Availability Risk Figure 4.5     8i + 2d Attributability by Process or Best Practice Areas Figure 4.6     Traditional Error Vectors Figure 4.7     IaaS Provider Responsibilities for Traditional Error Vectors Figure 4.8     Software Supplier (and SaaS) Responsibilities for Traditional Error Vectors Figure 5.1     Sample Reliability Block Diagram Figure 5.2     Traversal of Sample Reliability Block Diagram Figure 5.3     Nominal System Reliability Block Diagram Figure 5.4     Reliability Block Diagram of Full virtualization Figure 5.5     Reliability Block Diagram of OS Virtualization Figure 5.6     Reliability Block Diagram of Paravirtualization Figure 5.7     Reliability Block Diagram of Coresident Application Deployment Figure 5.8     Canonical Virtualization RBD Figure 5.9     Latency of Traditional Recovery Options Figure 5.10     Traditional Active-Standby Redundancy via Active VM Virtualization Figure 5.11     Reboot of a Virtual Machine Figure 5.12     Reset of a Virtual Machine Figure 5.13     Redundancy via Paused VM Virtualization Figure 5.14     Redundancy via Suspended VM Virtualization Figure 5.15     Nominal Recovery Latency of Virtualized and Traditional Options Figure 5.16     Server Consolidation Using Virtualization Figure 5.17     Simplified Simplex State Diagram Figure 5.18     Downtime Drivers for Redundancy Pairs Figure 6.1     Hardware Failure Rate Questions Figure 6.2     Application Reliability Block Diagram with Virtual Devices Figure 6.3     Virtual CPU Figure 6.4     Virtual NIC Figure 7.1     Sample Application Resource Utilization by Time of Day Figure 7.2     Example of Extraordinary Event Traffic Spike Figure 7.3     The Slashdot Effect: Traffic Load Over Time (in Hours) Figure 7.4     Offered Load, Service Reliability, and Service Availability of a Traditional System Figure 7.5     Visualizing VM Growth Scenarios Figure 7.6     Nominal Capacity Model Figure 7.7     Implementation Architecture of Compute Capacity Model Figure 7.8     Orderly Reconfiguration of the Capacity Model Figure 7.9     Slew Rate of Square Wave Amplification Figure 7.10     Slew Rate of Rapid Elasticity Figure 7.11     Elasticity Timeline by ODCA SLA Level Figure 7.12     Capacity Management Process Figure 7.13     Successful Cloud Elasticity Figure 7.14     Elasticity Failure Model Figure...