Precious Stones, Vol. 1

VOLUME I INTRODUCTION FIRST PART GENERAL CHARACTERS OF PRECIOUS STONES I. NATURAL CHARACTERS AND OCCURRENCE A. Chemical Composition B. Crystalline Form C. Physical Characters (a) Specific Gravity (b) Cleavage (c) Hardness (d) Optical Characters 1. Transparency 2. Lustre 3. Refraction of Light 4. Double Refraction of Light 5. Colour 6. Dichroism 7. Special Optical Appearances and Colour Effects (e) "Thermal, Electrical, and Magnetic Characters" 1. Thermal Characters 2. Electrical Characters 3. Magnetism D. Occurrence of Precious Stones II. APPLICATIONS OF PRECIOUS STONES A. Technical Applications B. Application as Jewels (a) Forms of Cutting (b) Process of Cutting (c) Boring (d) Working on the Lathe (e) Engraving ; Etching (f) Colouring and Burning (g) Mounting and Setting (h) Faults in Precious Stones (i) Artificial Production (j) Counterfeiting (k) Value and Price III. CLASSIFICATION OF PRECIOUS STONES SECOND PART SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF PRECIOUS STONES Diamond A. Characters of Diamond 1. Chemical Characters 2. Crystalline Form 3. Specific Gravity 4. Cleavage 5. Hardness 6. Optical Characters 7. Electrical and Thermal Characters B. Occurrence of Diamond 1. India 2. Brazil 3. South Africa 4. Borneo 5. Australia 6. North America 7. British Guiana 8. Urals 9. Lapland 10. In Meteorites C. Origin and Artificial Production of Diamond D. Applications of Diamond 1. Application in Jewellery 2. Diamond-cutting 3. Technical Applications 4. Large and Famous Diamonds 5. Value of Diamonds 6. Imitation and Counterfeiting VOLUME II Corundum Ruby Sapphire Other varieties Spinel Chrysoberyl Cymophane Alexandrite Beryl Emerald "Precious beryl (Aquamarine, &c.)" Euclase Phenakite Topaz Zircon Garnet Group Hessonite Spessartite Almandine "Pyrope (Bohemian garnet, "Cape ruby," Rhodolite" Demantoid "Grossularite, Melanite, Topazolite" Tourmaline Opal Precious opal Fire-opal Common opal Turquoise Bone-turquoise Lazulite Callainite Olivine Cordierite Idocrase Axinite Kyanite Staurolite Andalusite (Chiastolite) Epidote Piedmontite Dioptase Chrysocolla Garnierite Sphene "Prehnite (Chlorastrolite, Zonochlorite)" Thomsonite (Lintonite) Natrolite Hemimorphite Calamine Felspar Group Amazon-stone Sun-stone Moon-stone Labradorescent Felspar Labradorite Elæolite Cancrinite Lapis - lazuli Haüynite Sodalite Obsidian Moldavite Pyroxene and Amphibole Groups Hypersthene Bronzite Bastite Diallage Diopside Spodumene Rhodonite (and Lepidolite) Nephrite Jadeite (Chloromelanite) Quartz A. Crystallised Quartz Rock-crystal Smoky-quartz Amethyst Citrine Rose-quartz Prase Sapphire-quartz Quartz with enclosures Cat's-eye Tiger-eye B. Compact Quartz Hornstone Wood-stone Chrysoprase Jasper Avanturine C. Chalcedony Common Chalcedony Carnelian Plasma Heliotrope Agate (Onyx) Malachite Chessylite "Satin-spar (Calcite, Aragonite, and Gypsum)" Fluor-spar Apatite Iron-pyrites Hæmatite Ilmenite Rutile Amber Jet THIRD PART DETERMINATION AND DISTINGUISHING OF PRECIOUS STONES General Methods A. Transparent stones Colourless stones Greenish-blue stones Pale blue stones Blue stones Violet stones Lilac and rose-coloured stones Red stones Reddish-brown stones Smoke-grey and clove-brown stones Reddish-yellow stones Yellowish-brown stones Yellow stones Yellowish-green stones Green stones B. Translucent and Opaque stones "White, faintly-coloured, and grey stones" Blue stones Green stones Black stones Yellow and brown stones "Rose-red, and lilac stones" Stones with more than one colour Stones with metallic lustre C. Stones with special optical effects APPENDIX Pearls Nature and Formation Application Pearl-fishing Imitation Coral The Coral Skeleton The Living Coral Distribution : Coral-banks Coral-Fishing : Application : Trade