Water Activity in Foods

Dedication v

Preface to the Second Edition ix

Preface to the First Edition xi

List of Contributors xiii

1. Introduction: Historical Highlights of Water Activity Research 1
Jorge Chirife and Anthony J. Fontana, Jr.

2. Water Activity: Fundamentals and Relationships 13
David S. Reid

3. Water Activity and Glass Transition 27
Yrjö H. Roos

4. State and Supplemented Phase Diagrams for the Characterization of Food 45
Yrjö H. Roos

5. Water Mobility in Foods 61
Shelly J. Schmidt

6. Water-Solid Interactions in Food Ingredients and Systems 123
Lisa J. Mauer

7. Water Activity Prediction and Moisture Sorption Isotherms 161
Theodore P. Labuza and Bilge Altunakar

8. Measurement of Water Activity, Moisture Sorption Isotherm, and Moisture Content of Foods 207
Anthony J. Fontana, Jr. and Brady P. Carter

9. Moisture Effects on Food's Chemical Stability 227
Leonard N. Bell

10. Water Activity and Physical Stability 255
Gaëlle Roudaut

11. Enthalpy Relaxation and Food Stability 271
Roopesh M. Syamaladevi, Shelly J. Schmidt, Gustavo V. Barbosa-Cánovas, and Shyam S. Sablani

12. Diffusion and Sorption Kinetics of Water in Foods 287
Theodore P. Labuza and Bilge Altunakar

13. Applications for Dynamic Moisture Sorption Profiles in Foods 311
Brady P. Carter

14. Effects of Water Activity (aw) on Microbial Stability as a Hurdle in Food Preservation 323
María S. Tapia, Stella M. Alzamora, and Jorge Chirife

15. Baroprotective Effect from Reduced aw 357
Avelina Franco-Vega, Fátima Reyes-Jurado, Nelly Ramirez-Corona, Enrique Palou, and Aurelio Lopez-Malo

16. Principles of Intermediate-Moisture Foods and Related Technology 385
Petros S. Taoukis and Michelle Richardson

17. Desorption Phenomena in Food Dehydration Processes 425
Gustavo V. Barbosa-Cánovas and Pablo Juliano

18. Humidity Caking and Its Prevention 453
Micha Peleg

19. Selected Applications of Water Activity Management in the Food Industry 465
Zamantha Escobedo-Avellaneda, Verónica Rodriguez-Martínez, Vinicio Serment-Moreno, Gonzalo Velázquez, Jorge Welti-Chanes, and J. Antonio Torres

20. Water Relations in Confections 483
Jade McGill and Richard W. Hartel

21. Applications of Probabilistic Engineering in Food Moisture Management to Meet Product Quality, Safety, and Shelf-Life Requirements 501
Verónica Rodriguez-Martínez, Gonzalo Velázquez, Jorge Welti-Chanes, and J. Antonio Torres

22. Applications of Water Activity in Nonfood Systems 521
Anthony J. Fontana, Jr. and Gaylon S. Campbell

23. The Future of Water Activity in Food Processing and Preservation 535
Cynthia M. Stewart, Kenneth A. Buckle, and Martin B. Cole

Appendices

A Water Activity of Saturated Salt Solutions 553
Anthony J. Fontana, Jr.

B Water Activity of Unsaturated Salt Solutions at 25°C 557
Anthony J. Fontana, Jr.

C Water Activity, Isotherm, and Glass Transition Equations 561
Anthony J. Fontana, Jr. and Shafiur Rahman

D Minimum Water Activity Limits for Growth of Microorganisms 571
Anthony J. Fontana, Jr.

E Water Activity Values of Select Food Ingredients and Products 573
Shelly J. Schmidt and Anthony J. Fontana, Jr.

F Water Activity Values of Select Consumer and Pharmaceutical Products 593
Anthony J. Fontana, Jr. and Shelly J. Schmidt

Index 595