Small Stress Proteins

Evolution and Diversity of Prokaryotic Small Heat Shock Proteins.- 1 Introduction.- 2 sHsps in Prokaryotes.- 3 Are sHsps Dispensable in Some Pathogenic Bacteria?.- 4 Phylogenetic Analysis of Prokaryotic sHsps.- 5 Lateral Transfer or Convergent Evolution of Prokaryotic sHsp Genes.- 6 Secondary Structure Prediction of the a-Crystallin Domain.- 7 Alignment and Secondary Structure Prediction of the N-Terminal Domain.- 8 Summary and Concluding Remarks.- References.- Discovery of Two Distinct Small Heat Shock Protein (HSP) Families in the Desert Fish Poeciliopsis.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Variation in Small HSPs Among Desert Species of Poeciliopsis.- 3 Variation in Small HSPs Within Poeciliopsis Species.- 4 Discovery of Two Classes of Small HSPs in a Single Taxon.- References.- Chaperone Function of sHsps.- 1 Introduction.- 2 General Aspect of Chaperone function.- 3 The Chaperone Properties of sHsps.- 4 Conclusions.- References.- The Small Heat Shock Proteins of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: Structure, Regulation and Biology.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Small Heat Shock Protein Family of C. elegans.- 3 The 16-kDa Stress Proteins (Hspl6s).- 4 The 12-kDa Small Heat Shock Proteins (Hspl2s).- 5 SIP-1.- 6 Hspl7.5.- 7 Hsp25.- 8 Hsp43.- 9 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- Drosophila Small Heat Shock Proteins: Cell and Organelle-Specific Chaperones?.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Members of the Small Heat Shock Proteins Family.- 3 Transcriptional Regulation.- 4 Intracellular Localisation-Analysis of Targeting Signals.- 5 Biochemical Properties and Post-Translational Modifications.- 6 Stress-Induced Expression of sHsp.- 7 Developmental Expression of sHsp.- 8 Conclusion.- References.- The Developmental Expression of Small HSP.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Small HSP in Extraembryonic Development.- 3Small HSP in Ectodermal Lineages.- 4 Small HSP in Mesodermal Lineages.- 5 Small HSP in Endodermal Lineages.- 6 Phosphorylation of sHSP During Development.- 7 Developmental Regulation of Small HSP Gene Expression.- 8 The Role of Small HSP in Development and Differentiation.- 9 Small HSP in the Development of Non-Mammals.- References.- Expression and Phosphorylation of Mammalian Small Heat Shock Proteins.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Modification of the Expression of Hsp27 and ?B-crystallin.- 3 Phosphorylation of Small Hsps.- References.- sHsp-Phosphorylation: Enzymes, Signaling Pathways and Functional Implications.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Identification of Phosphorylated sHsps.- 3 The Major Pathway for sHsp Phosphorylation Via p38 MAPK and MAPKAP Kinase 2.- 4 Other Pathways.- 5 Functional Aspects of sHsps-Phosphorylation.- References.- Small Stress Proteins: Modulation of Intracellular Redox State and Protection Against Oxidative Stress.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cell Death Induced in Response to Oxidative Stress.- 3 sHsp Expression Protects Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death.- 4 sHsp Expression Can Also Enhance Oxidative Stress Induced Cell Death.- 5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives.- References.- Small Stress Proteins: Novel Negative Modulators of Apoptosis Induced Independently of Reactive Oxygen Species.- 1 Introduction.- 2 sHsp Expression Protects Against Apoptosis Induced Independently of ROS Formation.- 3 Hsp27 as Essential Anti-Apoptotic Protein During Early Cell Differentiation.- 4 Hsp27 Modulates Apoptosis in Vivo and Enhances the Tumorigenicity of Transformed Cells.- 5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives.- References.- Hsp27 as a Prognostic and Predictive Factor in Cancer.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Female Genital Tract.- 3 Nervous System and Digestive Tract.- 4Hematological Malignancies.- 5 Genitourinary Tract.- 6 Tumors from Others Tissues.- 7 Conclusion.- References.- Cytoskeletal Competence Requires Protein Chaperones.- 1 Symmary.- 2 Human Diseases Caused by sHSF Mutations.- 3 sHSP Interaction with the Cytoskeleton.- 4 Functional Implications of the Interactions.- 5 The Chaperone-Cytoskeleton Complex. The Guardian of the Cytoplasm?.- References.- Hsp27 in the Nervous System: Expression in Pathophysiology and in the Aging Brain.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Constitutive Expression of Hsp27 in the Nervous System.- 3 Expression of Hsp27 in Pathophysiology.- 4 Expression of Hsp27 in Diseases of the Aging Brain.- 5 Conclusions.- References.- Protection of Neuronal and Cardiac Cells by HSP27.- 1 Protective Effect of Heat Shock Proteins.- 2 Protective Effect of HSP27.- 3 Protective Effect of HSP27 in Neuronal and Cardiac Cells.- 4 Conclusion.- References.