Infiltration Measurements for Soil Hydraulic Characterization

Foreword.- 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO SOIL AND WATER INFILTRATION.- 1.1 General characteristics of soil.-1.2 Soil water content and potential.- 1.3 Flow of water in soils.- 1.4 Infiltration process and equations.- 1.4.1 Gravity free water absorption.- 1.4.2 Green and Ampt model for infiltration.- 1.4.3 Philip infiltration equation for capillary and gravity driven infiltration.- 1.4.4 Sorptivity and flux concentration function
1.4.5 General infiltration solution of Parlange.- 1.4.6 Extension to 3D water infiltration below a disc source.- References.- 2 SATURATED SOIL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY.- 2.1 Well or borehole permeameters.- 2.1.1 Steady flow under constant head in uncased boreholes.- 2.1.2 Steady flow under constant head in cased boreholes.- 2.1.3 Transient flow under constant head in cased and uncased boreholes.- 2.1.4 Falling-head flow in cased boreholes.- 2.2 Ring infiltrometers.- 2.2.1 Single-ring pressure infiltrometer.- 2.2.2 Other single-ring approaches.- 2.2.3 Double-ring infiltrometer.- 2.2.4 Simplified falling head technique.- 2.3 Dripper or point-source method.- References.- 3 UNSATURATED SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES.- 3.1 Tension or disk infiltrometer.- 3.1.1 Basis of the technique.- 3.1.2 Apparatus and procedures.- 3.1.3 Analysis of steady-state flow.- 3.1.4 Analysis of transient flow.- 3.1.5 Numerical inversion of tension disk infiltrometer data.- 3.1.6 Particular devices.- 3.1.7 Hydraulic contact at the infiltration surface.- 3.1.8 Applying the tension infiltrometer on sloping land.- 3.2 BEST - Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters procedure.- 3.2.1 Soil hydraulic characteristic curves
3.2.2 Soil particle-size distribution, bulk density and water content.- 3.2.3 Water infiltration experiments.- 3.2.4 Estimating shape parameters by inverting particle-size distribution data.- 3.2.5 Estimating scale parameters by inverting water infiltration data.- 3.2.6 Issues on estimation of shape parameters.- 3.2.7 Issues on estimationof scale parameters.- 3.2.8 Tests of the soil hydraulic characteristic curves.- 3.2.9 Using the soil hydraulic parameters obtained with BEST.- References.- 4 SOILS WITH SPECIFIC FEATURES.- 4.1 Water repellent soils.- 4.1.1 Causes of hydrophobicity.- 4.1.2 Hydrophobicity and water infiltration.- 4.1.3 Hydraulic characterization of water repellent soils.- 4.2 Crusted soils.- 4.2.1 Crust formation.- 4.2.2 Water infiltration experiments for crust characterization.- 4.3 Low permeability soils.- 4.3.1 Early-time constant-head (ECH) technique.- 4.3.2 Early-time falling-head (EFH) technique.- 4.3.3 Sequential early-time constant-head/falling-head (ECFH) technique.- 4.3.4 Saturated conductivity of low permeability wet soils.- 4.3.5 Time domains for pressure infiltrometer data.- 4.3.6 Accounting for soil swelling.- 4.4. Macroporous and bi-modal soils.- 4.4.1. Conceptual models for preferential flow.- 4.4.2. Modelling water infiltration into dual permeability soils.- 4.4.3. How to detect preferential flow.- 4.4.4. How to characterize dual permeability soils.- References.- APPENDIX - ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS.- A1. Soil bulk density
A2. Soil water content.- A3. Soil water matric potential.- A4. Soil water retention curve.- A5. Water stability of soil aggregates.- References.