Difficult Decisions in Endocrine Surgery

Evidence-based Medicine and the GRADE Approach.- Clinical Decision Analysis.- Decision Making from the Surgeon's Perspective.- Decision Making from the Patient's Perspective.- Surgery Versus Active Surveillance for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.- Prospective Screening Protocol for FNMTC Family Members: Ultrasound Versus Physical Examination.- Operative Management Versus Observation for Thyroid Nodules Larger than 4 cm with Benign Cytology.- Lobectomy Versus Total Thyroidectomy for Follicular Microcarcinomas.- Initial Total Thyroidectomy Versus Lobectomy with Intraoperative Frozen Section for Thyroid Nodules that are "Suspicious for PTC".- Primary Repair Versus No Repair for Transected Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.- Surgery Versus Observation for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.- First-line Therapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Operation Versus Medical Management.- Same-Day Versus Overnight Inpatient Surgery for Total Thyroidectomy.- Prophylactic Versus Selective Central Neck Dissection in Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Cancer.- Subtotal Parathyroidectomy Versus Total Parathyroidectomy with Autotransplantation for Patients with MEN-1 and Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- Four-Gland Exploration versus 4D Computed Tomography in Patients with Nonlocalized Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- Lymph Node Dissection Versus No Lymph Node Dissection for Parathyroid Cancer.- Early Versus Late Parathyroidectomy for Tertiary (Posttransplant) Hyperparathyroidism.- Observation Versus Surgery for Pregnant Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- Four-gland Exploration Versus Focused Parathyroidectomy for Hyperparathyroidism Jaw Tumor Syndrome.- Long-Term Success of Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Versus Four-Gland Exploration.- The Evidence For and Against Parathyroid Cryopreservation: Should We Continue to Promote Parathyroid Cryopreservation?.- Should Antibiotic Prophylaxis Be Given Prior to Thyroidectomy or Parathyroidectomy?.- The Value of Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Cases that are Localized.- Transperitoneal Versus Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy.- Bilateral Adrenalectomy Versus Medical Management for Cushing's Syndrome with Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia.- Routine Screening for Primary Hyperaldosteronism in Hypertensive Patients: Yes or No?.- Routine Glucose Monitoring in Postoperative Pheochromocytoma Patients: Yes or No?.- Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Management of Malignant Pheochromocytoma.- Alpha Blocker Versus Calcium Channel Blocker for Pheochromocytoma.- Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Therapy for Recurrent Adrenocortical Carcinoma.- Resection Versus Observation for Adrenal Gland Metastasis.- Routine Versus Selective Adrenal Vein Sampling for Primary Aldosteronism.- Surgery Versus Observationfor Asymptomatic Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.- Routine Lymph Node Dissection Versus Duodenal Inspection Alone for the Treatment of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Patients with Hypergastrinemia.- Resection Versus Chemotherapy for Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas.- Observation Versus Surgery for Nonlocalized Insulinoma.