EUROPE.
Northwestern portion of Old World and smallest of its grand divisions. Extreme length northeast and southwest, 3500 miles extreme breadth, over 2,400 miles; coast line not less than 20,000 miles.
Divisions. Area,
Sq. Miles. Population. Capitals. Population. Andorra 175 5,800 Andorra 1,000 Austro-Hungary 240,942 37,883,226 Vienna 1,103,857 Belgium 11,373 5,655,197 Brussels 389,782 Bulgaria 24,360 2,007,919 Sophia 20,501 Denmark 13,784 1,969,039 Copenhagen 273,323 England and Wales 58,186 25,974,439 London 4,766,661 France 204,177 37,672,048 Paris 2,269,023 Germany 212,028 45,234,061 Berlin 1,122,360 Greece 25,111 1,979,453 Athens 84,903 Ireland 32,531 5,174,836 Dublin 418,910 Italy 114,410 28,459,628 Rome 273,268 Montenegro 3,550 250,000 Cetigne 2,000 Netherlands 12,648 4,225,065 The Hague 127,931 Norway 122,869 1,806,900 Christiania 124,155 Portugal 36,510 4,306,554 Lisbon 246,343 Rumania 48,307 5,376,060 Bukharest 221,805 Russia 2,041,402 86,486,959 St. Petersburg 929,100 San Marino 32 7,816 San Marino 6,000 Scotland 29,820 3,735,573 Edinburgh 236,002 Servia 18,800 1,865,683 Belgrade 37,500 Spain 191,100 16,064,859 Madrid 397,816 Sweden 170,979 4,603,595 Stockholm 194,469 Switzerland 15,992 2,846,102 Bern 44,087 Turkey 63,850 4,490,000 Constantinople 600,000
LENGTHS OF RIVERS.
Table of Contents Miles. Miles. Danube 1,725 Loire 600 Don 1,300 Oder 550 Dneiper 1,230 Petchora 900 Dwina 700 Rhine 600 Elbe 737 Vistula 690 Kama 1,400 Volga 2,400
AREAS SEAS AND LAKES.
Table of Contents Square Miles. Square Miles. Azov 14,000 Geneva 336 Baltic 154,570 Ladoga 5,190 Black 185,000 Ogena 3,400 Constance 200 Wener 3,120 Enara 685 White 4,500
PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK.
Table of Contents Italy 6,600,000 lbs. France 19,149,000 lbs.
LINEN.
Table of Contents Produced. Consumed. Russia 250,000 tons 90,000 tons Great Britain 26,000 " 130,000 " France 50,000 " 70,000 " Germany 15,000 " 35,000 " Netherlands 80,000 " 65,000 "
LACE.
Table of Contents Nottingham. Persons employed, 10,500. Value products, $29,782,980 The Continent. Persons employed, 535,000. Value products, 28,128,370
ANNUAL MINERAL PRODUCTIONS.
Table of Contents Lead, Cornwall 70,000 tons Tin, Great Britain 15,000 tons Lead, Cordova 30,000 " Quicksilver, Spain 1,000 " Coffee imported, Europe 270,000 tons Tea " Great Britain 140,000,000 lbs.
GREAT BRITAIN.
The largest island of Europe, and forming, with Ireland and the adjacent islands, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The union of England and Ireland was effected January 1, 1800.
Area of the kingdom, 120,832 square miles. Pop., 35,241,482. The divisions are: England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. Capital, London; pop., 4,766,661. Thirty-five cities have over 75,000 population. Climate is variable but healthful. Average temperature, 50°. Rainfall, London, 25 inches; Glasgow, 21; and Dublin, 29.
Middle-class education is entirely unorganized; no complete, trustworthy statistics are to be had. There were, in 1884, 69 universities and colleges, with 23,823 students. In 1881, there were 1,855 schools of science, with 66,000 students. Number of public libraries, 202. The library of the British Museum has 32 miles of shelves, filled with books. Number of daily papers, 169.
Productive area in England is 80 per cent.; in Ireland, 74 per cent.; Scotland, 28.8 per cent.; Wales, 60 per cent. Leading crops in Great Britain, wheat, barley and oats. Acreage, 1884: wheat, 2,676,477; barley, 2,159,485; oats, 2,892,576. In Ireland, oats and potatoes are most important; acreage of former, 1,347,395; of latter, 798,942. Number of acres of flax, 89,197. Orchards of Great Britain cover 180,000 acres, and produce 85,000 tons of apples.
The most important minerals are coal and iron. In 1883, coal product was 163,737,327 tons; value, $230,270,715. Iron ore, 17,383,046 tons; value, $25,611,905. In 1883, 1,724,251 tons of pig iron were used in the manufacture of Bessemer steel, 1,097,174 tons of it being made into steel rails. Over 800 tons of steel are annually consumed in the manufacture of pens, Birmingham alone using 500 tons; the average yearly production is 800,000,000.
The annual value of the fisheries is $50,000,000. Herring fishery alone $10,000,000; salmon, $4,000,000; oysters and shell-fish, $10,000,000. Value of the Scotch fisheries alone in 1884 was $16,431,210, the herring fishery alone being $10,267,755. Total value of imports, 1884, $1,948,872,745; exports of home produce, $1,164,537,875; foreign and colonial produce, $312,218,575. Value of corn and flour imported 1882, $338,111,835. Value of cotton manufactures exported was $382,228,785.
There are 2,674 cotton factories, employing 482,903 persons. Total number of all factories, 7,105; number of persons employed, 975,546, of whom 110,585 are children under 13 years of age. Men employed, 38 per cent.; women, 62 per cent. Amount of cotton imported, 1883, 1,734,333,552 lbs.; wool, 495,946,779 lbs.
Standing army in time of peace unlawful without the consent of Parliament; annual appropriation of Commons for support of troops, based on "estimates" made by the Cabinet. For 1884 and 1885, home and colonial effectives and reserves, 644,753.
Previous to 1815 there was but little emigration from the United Kingdom; in that year the number was 2,081; in 1830-34, 381,956; 1875, 173,809; 1882, 413,288; and in 1884, 304,074, of whom 203,539 came to the United States.
First railway opened in 1825. In 1883, there were 18,681 miles of railway; 13,215 belonging to England and Wales, 2,964 to Scotland, and 2,502 to Ireland. Number of postoffices, 1884, 15,951; and, in addition, 15,749 road and pillar boxes. There are 27,604 miles of telegraph lines, and 140,498 miles of wire.
The colonies and dependencies of Great Britain have an estimated area of 8,000,000 square miles. Of this vast extent of territory, over 3,500,000 square miles are in America, over 250,000 in Africa, over 1,000,000 in Asia, and...
