Selected Areas in Cryptography

Name: Selected Areas in Cryptography | 28th International Conference, Virtual Event, September 29 - October 1, 2021, Revised Selected Papers
Brand: Springer
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28th International Conference, Virtual Event, September 29 - October 1, 2021, Revised Selected Papers

Riham AlTawy Andreas Hülsing(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 26. März 2022

XV, 509 Seiten

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Beschreibung

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Inhalt

Intro
Preface
Organization
Invited Talks
How Private is Secure Messaging?
Privacy-Preserving Bluetooth Based Contact Tracing-One Size Does Not Fit All
Contents
Privacy and Applications
On Evaluating Anonymity of Onion Routing
1 Introduction
2 High-Level Framework/Execution Environment
3 Security Goals and Notions
3.1 Interpreting Privacy Notions
3.2 A Taxonomy of Security Goals
4 Metrics
4.1 Input-Dependent Metrics
4.2 Output-Dependent Metrics
5 Adversarial Threat Model
6 Application of Our Framework
7 Conclusion
References
Revisiting Driver Anonymity in ORide
1 Introduction
1.1 Our Contribution
2 Analysis of ORide Protocol
2.1 ORide: A Privacy-Preserving Ride Hailing Service
2.2 ORide: Threat Model
2.3 Attack: Predicting Driver Locations
2.4 Implementation of Our Attack
2.5 Impact and Consequences of Our Attack
3 Mitigation of Our Attack
3.1 Anonymizing Driver Locations
3.2 Anonymity of Drivers with Respect to Rider
3.3 Accuracy of Ride-Matching
4 Related Works
5 Conclusion
A Appendix: Further Attacks
A.1 Homomorphic Noise Addition by SP
A.2 p-norm Metric by SP
References
The Boneh-Katz Transformation, Revisited: Pseudorandom/Obliviously-Samplable PKE from Lattices and Codes and Its Application
1 Introduction
1.1 Our Contribution
1.2 Related Works
1.3 Organization
2 Definitions
2.1 Public-Key Encryption (PKE)
2.2 Tag-Based Encryption (TBE)
2.3 Weak Commitment also Known as Encapsulation
2.4 Message Authentication Code (MAC)
3 The Boneh-Katz Transformation, Revisited
4 Instantiations and Applications
References
ZKAttest: Ring and Group Signatures for Existing ECDSA Keys
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
3 Tom Curves
4 Proof of Point Addition
5 Proof of Scalar Multiplication
6 Proof of Knowledge of ECDSA Signature
7 Applications
7.1 Ring Signatures
7.2 Group Signatures
7.3 Non-revocation
8 Implementation
9 Related Work
10 Conclusion
References
Implementation, PUFs and MPC
A Low-Randomness Second-Order Masked AES
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 The Bounded-Query Probing Model
2.2 Boolean Masking and Threshold Implementations
2.3 Changing of the Guards
2.4 Cryptanalysis of Higher-Order Threshold Implementations
3 A Low-Randomness Second-Order Secure AES
3.1 Masking Details
3.2 Optimizing the S-Box Sharing
3.3 Guards in Formation
4 Security Analysis
4.1 Single Round
4.2 Multiple Rounds
4.3 Security Claim
5 Sharpening the Glitch Model
6 Amortizing Randomness Over Multiple Queries
7 Conclusion
A Trails in the Second-Order Masked Key Schedule
B Walsh Spectra of the AES and XOR
C Trails in the Second-Order Masked State
D Trails in the Generation of Randomness
References
How Do the Arbiter PUFs Sample the Boolean Function Class?
1 Introduction
1.1 Contribution and Organization
1.2 Preliminaries
1.3 Motivation of Our Work
2 Relation Between BnPUF and Bn
3 On Restricted Autocorrelation of Arbiter PUF
3.1 Theoretical Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
MPC for Q2 Access Structures over Rings and Fields
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Notation
2.2 Monotone and Extended Span Programs
2.3 Linear Secret Sharing Schemes Induced from MSPs and ESPs
3 Multiplication Check
3.1 MultCheck1
3.2 MultCheck1'
3.3 MultCheck2
3.4 MacCheck
3.5 Summary
4 Offline Preprocessing Protocols
4.1 Comparing Actively Secure Offline Protocols
5 Complete Protocols
References
Secret-Key Cryptography: Design and Proofs
Multi-user Security of the Elephant v2 Authenticated Encryption Mode
1 Introduction
1.1 Elephant
1.2 Multi-user Security of Elephant v2
1.3 Outline
2 Security Model
2.1 Tweakable Block Ciphers
2.2 Authenticated Encryption
2.3 Authentication
3 Simplified Masked Even-Mansour
3.1 Specification
3.2 Multi-user Security of SiM
4 Elephant Authenticated Encryption
4.1 Specification of Elephant v2
4.2 Multi-user Security of Elephant v2
4.3 Comparison with Elephant v1
5 Proof of Theorem 2 (on Elephant)
5.1 First Step: Isolating SiM
5.2 Second Step: Simplifying Authentication
5.3 Third Step: Conclusion
6 Conclusion
A Proof of Theorem 1 (on SiM
A.1 Views
A.2 Definition of Good and Bad Views
A.3 Probability of Bad View in Ideal World
A.4 Probability Ratio for Good Views
A.5 Conclusion
References
Designing S-Boxes Providing Stronger Security Against Differential Cryptanalysis for Ciphers Using Byte-Wise XOR
1 Introduction
1.1 Our Contributions
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Basic Knowledge About S-Boxes
2.2 Basic Knowledge About Linear Layers
2.3 Differential Characteristics and Their Probabilities
2.4 How to Search for the Best Differential Characteristic
3 Designing S-Boxes Suited for EGFN
3.1 Extended Generalized Feistel Network
3.2 Identity-Differential Transitions
3.3 Replacing S-Box
4 Designing S-Boxes Suited for AES-bMC Ciphers
4.1 Definition of AES-bMC Ciphers
4.2 High-Probability Chain
4.3 Design of 4-Bit S-Boxes with Shortest High-Probability Chains
4.4 Case Study with Midori64
4.5 Case Study with SKINNY
4.6 Remark for Implementation Performance
5 Discussion and Conclusion
5.1 Evaluation of Differential Effect
5.2 On Application to Linear Cryptanalysis
5.3 Concluding Remarks
References
Parallel Verification of Serial MAC and AE Modes
1 Introduction
1.1 Related Work
2 Preliminaries
3 Pincer Verification of MAC Modes
4 Pincer Verification of AE Modes
5 Applications
5.1 MAC Modes
5.2 AE Modes
6 Case Study 1: Romulus
6.1 Pincer Verification of Romulus
6.2 ESP32
6.3 Implementation Details
7 Case Study 2: CMAC
8 Case Study 3: CCM
9 Conclusion
References
Secret-Key Cryptography: Cryptanalysis
Related-Tweak Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis of Reduced-Round TweAES
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Specification of TweAES
2.2 Notations and Definitions
2.3 Properties of TweAES
2.4 Impossible Differential Attack on TweAES Proposed by Designers
3 STP-Based Automatic Searching Algorithm for Related-Tweak Impossible Differential
4 Key Recovery Attack on 8-Round TweAES
4.1 The 5.5-Round Related-Tweak Impossible Differential Distinguisher of TweAES
4.2 The Key Recovery Attack on 8-Round TweAES
5 The Key Recovery Attack on 7-Round TweAES
5.1 The 5.5-Round Impossible Differential with Tweak Difference 10012
5.2 The Key Recovery Attack on 7-Round TweAES
6 Conclusions
A Related-Tweak Impossible Differential Distinguisher of TweAES in Design Document ch11DBLP:journalsspstoscspsChakrabortiDJMN20
B 8-Round Key Recovery Attack on TweAES in Design Document ch11DBLP:journalsspstoscspsChakrabortiDJMN20
C The Algorithm for The Key Recovery Attack on 7-Round TweAES
References
Improved Attacks on GIFT-64
1 Introduction
1.1 Contributions
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Description of GIFT-64
2.2 Searching for Differential and Linear Distinguishers of GIFT-64
2.3 Complexity Analysis of the Differential Attack
2.4 Complexity Analysis of the Linear Attack
3 19-Round Linear Attack on GIFT-64
3.1 Selecting Linear Distinguishers
3.2 19-Round Linear Attack on GIFT-64
4 Differential Attack Without Using the Full Codebook
4.1 Selecting Differential Distinguishers
4.2 20-Round Differential Attack on GIFT-64
5 Conclusion
References
A Simpler Model for Recovering Superpoly on Trivium
1 Introduction
2 Some Background
2.1 Cube Attacks
2.2 Division Property
3 A Graph-Based Model for Superpoly Recovery
4 Strengthening the Graph-Based Model
4.1 Constrain the Doubling Paths
4.2 Use an Arity Approximation
5 Implementations
5.1 MILP
5.2 CP
5.3 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Automated Truncation of Differential Trails and Trail Clustering in ARX
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
3 Rules for Truncation
4 Differential Trail Truncation
5 Merging of Truncated Trails
6 Relaxed Rules
7 Application to Speck64
8 Distinguishing Advantage
9 Best Distinguisher for Speck64
10 Conclusion
References
Quantum Cryptanalysis
Improved Quantum Algorithms for the k-XOR Problem
1 Introduction
2 Classical Algorithms for Many-Solutions k-XOR
2.1 Classical Merging
2.2 Wagner's Algorithm
3 Quantum Preliminaries
4 Quantum Algorithms for Many-Solutions k-XOR
4.1 Merging in the Quantum Setting
4.2 Definition of Merging Trees
4.3 From Trees to Algorithms
4.4 Optimal Trees for Many-Solutions k-XOR
5 Quantum Algorithms for Single-Solution k-XOR
5.1 Extended Merging Trees
5.2 New Results for Single-Solution k-XOR
6 Extension with Quantum Walks
6.1 Preliminaries
6.2 Using Quantum Walks in a Merging Tree
6.3 Results
6.4 Applications
7 Conclusion
References
Quantum Boomerang Attacks and Some Applications
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 The Classical Boomerang Attack
2.2 Mixing Boomerang Attacks
2.3 Quantum Tools
2.4 On Quantum Scenarios
3 Quantum Boomerang Attacks
3.1 Quantum Boomerang Distinguisher
3.2 Quantum Boomerang Last-Rounds Attack
3.3 Quantum Mixing Boomerang Distinguisher
4 Application to SAFER
4.1 Description of the Cipher
4.2 5-Round Classical Boomerang Attack
4.3 Quantum Boomerang Attack
5 Application to Related-Key AES
6 Conclusion
References
Post-quantum Cryptography
MAYO: Practical Post-quantum Signatures from Oil-and-Vinegar Maps
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
3 The UOV Signature Scheme
3.1 UOV Trapdoor Function
4 Key Recovery Attacks Against UOV
4.1 Reconciliation Attack
4.2 Kipnis-Shamir Attack
4.3 Intersection Attack
5 Whipping Oil and Vinegar
6 Mayo Signatures
7 Security Analysis
8 Parameter Selection and Implementation
A Proof of Lemma3
A.1 Proof of Lemma3
B Proof of Lemma8
C Proof of Lemma9
References
Simple and Memory-Efficient Signature Generation of XMSSMT
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Contribution
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Notation
2.2 XMSS
2.3 XMSSMT
2.4 Merkle Tree Traversal Algorithm
2.5 BDS Algorithm
2.6 Application of the BDS Algorithm to XMSSMT
2.7 Disadvantages of Existing Algorithms
3 Simple and Memory-Efficient Signature-Generation Algorithm for XMSSMT
3.1 Modification of BDS Algorithm
3.2 Memory-Efficient Merkle Tree Traversal (MMT) Algorithm
3.3 Application of Modified BDS and MMT Algorithms to XMSSMT
4 Correctness of Proposed Algorithm
5 Comparison with Existing Algorithms
6 Implementation
7 Conclusion
References
Zaytun: Lattice Based PKE and KEM with Shorter Ciphertext Size
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivations and Contributions
1.2 The Design Idea
1.3 Organizations
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Cryptographic Definitions
2.2 Lattices, Rings and Hardness Assumptions
3 The Encryption Scheme
3.1 Scheme Description
3.2 Correctness and Security
4 The Key Encapsulation Mechanism
4.1 KEM Description
4.2 Correctness and Security
5 Parameter Settings
5.1 Parameter Settings
5.2 Comparison with Other Schemes
References
A Polynomial Time Key-Recovery Attack on the Sidon Cryptosystem
1 Introduction
2 The Sidon Cryptosystem
2.1 Sidon Spaces
2.2 Description of the Cryptosystem
2.3 Equivalent Keys for the Sidon Cryptosystem
3 Analysis of the Underlying MinRank Problem
3.1 Restricting the Number of the Solutions
3.2 Generic Solutions Over Fqn
3.3 Rank 1 Codewords in Dmat from the Sidon Structure
4 Solving the MinRank Instance over Fqk
4.1 Parity-check Modeling
4.2 Complexity of Solving the System Fspec
5 Finding an Equivalent Sidon Space V'
5.1 Targeting an Element of the Form lambdauv[j]
5.2 Deducing V from t
6 Conclusion
References
Isogenies
Verifiable Isogeny Walks: Towards an Isogeny-Based Postquantum VDF
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Elliptic Curves
2.2 Time-Sensitive Cryptography and Verifiable Delay Functions
3 An Isogeny-Based Delay Function
3.1 Evaluation Overview
4 SNARG-Based Verification
4.1 Arithmetization
4.2 Overview of the SNARG Construction
4.3 Parallelization of the Proof Construction
5 Security Analysis
6 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Towards Post-Quantum Key-Updatable Public-Key Encryption via Supersingular Isogenies
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Isogenies and Isogeny-Based Cryptography
3 Key-Updatable Public-Key Encryption (UPKE)
3.1 Security
4 Assessing Isogeny-Based UPKE
5 Symmetric UPKE via SIDH
5.1 Choosing and Getting Auxiliary Points
6 Symmetric UPKE Construction via CSIDH
7 Future Research Directions
8 Conclusion
A Proof of CSIDH-Based UPKE
References
Secret Keys in Genus-2 SIDH
1 Preliminaries
1.1 PPSSAS
1.2 G2SIDH
2 Keyspace
2.1 Symplectic Basis
2.2 Classification of Secret Keys
2.3 New Uniform Sampling from the Keyspace
3 Adaptive Attack on G2SIDH
3.1 Attack Model and Oracle
3.2 Symplectic Transformations
3.3 Case Distinction
3.4 Kernels of Rank 2
3.5 Kernels of Rank 3
3.6 Adaptive Attack on Arbitrary Basis
References
Author Index

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