Introductory Immunology

Preface Acknowledgments 1. A functional overview of the immune system and componentsChapter focusImmune homeostasis Self versus nonself Innate and adaptive immunity Anatomy of the immune system Cells of the immune system First-line defenders: the myeloid cells Adaptive avengers: the lymphoid cells Lymphocytes Cluster of differentiation Summary 2. The inflammatory response Chapter focus Inflammation Initiation of the inflammatory response The role of antibodies in inflammation Biological functions of complement Activation and directed migration of leukocytes Pathogen recognition and cytokine signaling Feedback and adaptation from a distance Pathological consequences of the inflammatory Response Summary 3. The B lymphocyte: antibodies and how they function Chapter focus B lymphocytes produce antibodies Structural characteristics of immunoglobulins Immunoglobulin nomenclature Biologic properties of antibody isotypes IgD IgM IgG IgA IgE Kinetics of antibody response Membrane-bound immunoglobulin Development of B cells Antibody gene recombination Development and selection of mature B cells Activation and differentiation of B cells Summary 4. T lymphocytes: ringleaders of adaptive immune function Chapter focus T lymphocytes: specific and long-lasting immunity The T cell receptor T-cell development Antigen recognition by T cells: requirement of major histocompatibility molecules The HLA locus MHC class I MHC class II T lymphocyte functions CD4 1 T-helper cells Events involved in T lymphocyte activation Role of T cells in B-cell activation Cytotoxic T-cell effectors CD8 1 T cells Other lymphocyte phenotypes ¿d T cells Innate lymphocytes Natural killer T (NKT) cells Superantigens Summary 5. How we defend against infectious agents Chapter focus Immune homeostasis and pathogenic organisms Major immune defense mechanisms against pathogens Physical barriers to infection Anatomic barrier Physiological barrier Phagocytic and endocytic barriers Inflammatory barriers Bacterial infections Microbial motifs detected through pattern-recognition receptors Mycobacterial infections Viral infections Human immunodeficiency virus Parasitic infections (helminths) Fungal infectionsEvasion of immune response Summary 6. Basic disorders of immune function Chapter focus Immunodeficiency disorders Genetic basis for primary immunodeficiency Innate deficiencies Chronic granulomatous disease/myeloperoxidase deficiency Leukocyte adhesion deficiency ChediakComplement disordersInnate pattern-recognition receptor disordersAdaptive immune disordersX-linked agammaglobulinemiaSelective immunoglobulin A deficiencyCommon variable immunodeficiencyHyper immunoglobulin M disordersDiGeorge syndromeWiskottSevere combined immunodeficiencyTreatment of immunodeficiency diseasesImmunodeficiency as a predisposition to diseaseHuman immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndromeSummary 7. Autoimmunity: regulation of response to selfChapter focusHomeostasis, immune regulation, and autoimmunityTolerance to selfEtiology of autoimmune diseaseRole of autoantibodies and self-reactive T lymphocytes in autoimmune disordersLaboratory tests for autoimmunityTargeted therapeuticsSummary 8. Immune hypersensitivitiesChapter focusHypersensitive disordersType I hypersensitivity: immunoglobulin EType II hypersensitivity: antibody-mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivityType III hypersensitivity: immune complex-mediated hypersensitivityType IV hypersensitivity: delayed-type (cell-mediated) hypersensitivityAlternative hypersensitivity classificationsSummary 9. Vaccines and immunotherapyChapter focusPrinciples of vaccinationBasic concepts of protective immunizationTypes of immunizationsAge and timing of immunizationsVaccine types and componentsImmunologic adjuvantsPassive immunizationTherapeutic uses of immunoglobulinsOther ways to modify immunitySummary 10.