What was the language of the Quran like, and how do we know? Today, the Quran is recited in ten different reading traditions, whose linguistic details are mutually incompatible. This work uncovers the earliest linguistic layer of the Quran. It demonstrates that the text was composed in the Hijazi vernacular dialect, and that in the centuries that followed different reciters started to classicize the text to a new linguistic ideal, the ideal of the ?arabiyyah. This study combines data from ancient Quranic manuscripts, the medieval Arabic grammarians and ample data from the Quranic reading traditions to arrive at new insights into the linguistic history of Quranic Arabic.
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Verlagsort
Zielgruppe
Produkt-Hinweis
Fadenheftung
Gewebe-Einband
Maße
Höhe: 234 mm
Breite: 157 mm
Dicke: 25 mm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-90-04-50624-4 (9789004506244)
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Schweitzer Klassifikation
Marijn van Putten, Ph.D. (2013), Leiden University, is a historical linguist specializing in the linguistic history of Arabic, Berber and Semitic. In addition to this, his research focuses on the textual history of the Quran and the early history of the Quranic reading traditions.
Preface and Acknowledgements
Transcription
Abbreviations
Sigla
1 Introduction
?1.1?Previous Scholarship
?1.2?The Uthmanic Text Type and the Quranic Consonantal Text
?1.3?Overview
2 What Is the ?arabiyyah?
?2.1?Introduction
?2.2?The Linguistic Variation in the ?arabiyyah
?2.3?Where Is Classical Arabic?
?2.4?Prescriptivism of the Grammarians
?2.5?Conclusion
3 Classical Arabic and the Reading Traditions
?3.1?Introduction
?3.2?Reading or Recitation?
?3.3?Lack of Regular Sound Change
?3.4?The Readings Are Not Dialects
?3.5?Readers Usually Agree on the Hijazi Form
?3.6?The Readings Are Intentionally Artificial
?3.7?The Choices of the Canonical Readers
?3.8?Conclusion
4 The Quranic Consonantal Text: Morphology
?4.1?Introduction
?4.2?The ?alla- Base Relative Pronoun
?4.3?The Distal Demonstrative Expansion with -l(i)- in ?alika, tilka and hunalika
?4.4?The Plural Demonstratives (ha?ula?i/(ha?ula; ?ula?ika/?ulaka
?4.5?Proximal Deictics with Mandatory ha- Prefix
?4.6?Feminine Proximal Deictic ha?ih
?4.7?Loss of Barth-Ginsberg Alternation
?4.8?Uninflected halumma
?4.9?Imperatives and Apocopates of II=III Verbs Have the Shape vCCvC Rather Than (v)CvCC
?4.10?Ma ?i?aziyyah
?4.11?The Morphosyntax of kala
?4.12?The Presentative ha?um
?4.13?The Use of Zaw? as 'Wife'
?4.14?Alternations between G- and C-stems
?4.15?Morphological Isoglosses Not Recognized by the Grammarians
?4.16?Questionable Morphological Isoglosses
?4.17?The Quran Is Morphologically Hijazi
5 The Quranic Consonantal Text: Phonology
?5.1?Introduction
?5.2?The Loss of the *?
?5.3?Development of the Phoneme o
?5.4?Lack of Cyi > Ci
?5.5?Passive of Hollow Verbs
?5.6?Retention of ?ira?
?5.7?Lack of Syncopation of *u and *i
?5.8?Development of the Phoneme E
?5.9?Hollow Root ?imalah
?5.10?Major Assimilation in Gt-stems.
?5.11?*ra?aya, *na?aya > ra?a, na?a
?5.12?Lexical Isoglosses
?5.13?Phonetic Isoglosses Not Recognized by the Grammarians
?5.14?The Quran Is Phonologically Hijazi
?5.15?Conclusion
6 Classicized Hijazi: Imposition of the Hamzah
?6.1?Introduction
?6.2?Pseudocorrect Hamzah
?6.3?Hamzah among the Quranic Readers
?6.4?Pseudocorrect Presence of Hamzah
?6.5?Failure to Insert Hamzah
?6.6?Conclusion
7 Classicized Hijazi: Final Short Vowels and tanwin
?7.1?Lack of Final Short Vowels in the Reading Traditions
?7.2?Was ?abu ?amr's Reading an ?i?rab-less Reading?
?7.3?A Phonetic Rule That Requires Absence of Full ?i?rab
?7.4?Conclusion
8 From Hijazi Beginnings to Classical Arabic.
?8.1?The Prophet's Career
?8.2?The Uthmanic Recension (ca. 30 AH/650 CE)
?8.3?The Era of the Readers (ca. 40 AH-250 AH)
?8.4?Crystallization of Classical Arabic (ca. 250-350 AH)
?8.5?Conclusion
Appendix A: Notes on Orthography, Phonology and Morphology of the Quranic Consonantal Text
Appendix B: Orthographic Comparison
Bibliography
Index
