Operative Pediatric SurgerySection I. General Principles 1 History of Pediatric Surgery2 The Surgeon, Child, and Family3 Fetal Surgery, Diagnosis, and Intervention4 Developmental Physiology of the Premature and Term Newborn 5 Fluid and Electrolyte Management6 Metabolic Response to Illness and Operation7 Enteral and Parenteral Surgical Nutrition8 Vascular Access Procedures9 Monitoring and Pharmacologic Management in Critical Illness10 Techniques of Respiratory Support and Extracorporal Membrane Oxygenation11 Analgesia and Anesthesia12 Transfusion Medicine and Coagulation Disorders13 Surgical Infections14 Wound Healing15 Surgical Issues in the Management of HIV Infection and Other Immunocompromising Conditions16 Office-Based Ambulatory Surgery17 Health Informatics in Pediatric SurgerySection II. The Head and Neck 18 Face and Scalp Lesions19 Paramedian and Midline Neck Lesions: The Salivary GlandsSection III. Chest Wall and Thoracic Disease20 Breast DiseaseChest Wall Deformity 21 Pectus Excavatum22 Pectus Carinatum and Poland's Syndrome23 Ectopia and Sternal DeformitiesThe Airway24 Airway Endoscopy and Pathology25 Tracheostomy and Laryngotracheal Separation26 Posterior Largyngeal Cleft27 Tracheal Stenosis and TracheomalaciaThe Esophagus28 Esophagoscopy and Esophageal Foreign Body29 Caustic Esophageal Injury and Perforations30 Esophageal Atresia31 Esophageal Development and Duplication32 Achalasia33 Gastroesophageal Reflux34 Esophageal Replacement The Mediastinum 35 Mediastinal Mass 36 Thymectomy: Myestenia Gravis, Cysts, and MassesThe Lung37 Thoracoscopy38 Lobar Emphysema: Congenital and Acquired Pulmonary Agenesis39 Pulmonary Sequestration and Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation40 Lung Infections: Biopsy, Abscess, and Bronchiectasis and Empyema41 Chylothorax42 Pneumothora43 Diaphragmatic Hernia and Diaphragmatic EventrationSection IV. Abdominal Disease 44 LaparoscopyThe Abdominal Wall45 Omphalocele and Gastroschisis46 Umbilical and Supraumbilical DiseaseInguinoscrotal Disease47 Inguinal and Femoral Hernia48 Crytorchidism49 The Acute ScrotumGastrointestinal Tract50 Stomach: Obstruction, Foreign Body, Microgastria, and Peptic Ulcer51 Gastrostomy Tubes52 Pyloric Stenosis53 Intestinal Atresia54 Meconium Ileus55 Malrotation56 Hirschstrung's Disease57 Intussusception58 Intestinal Stomas59 Necrotizing Enterocolitis60 Appendicitis61 Inflammatory Bowel Disease62 Short Bowel Syndrome63 Abdominal Cysts64 Duplications of the Intestinal Tract65 Gastrointestinal Polyps66 Anorectal Prolapse, Abscess, and Fissure67 Anorectal Malformations68 Portal Hypertension69 Biliary Atresia and Choledochal Cyst70 Gallbladder Disease71 Pancreas: Persistent Hyperinsulinemic Hyperglycemia of the Newborn and Pancreatis72 SpleenSection V. Exocrine Surgery73 Thyroid and Parathyroid74 Adrenal Tumors 75 Ambiguous Genitalia and Intersex AnomaliesSection VI. Genitourinary Tract 76 Benign Renal Disease77 Obstructive Uropathy78 Bladder Exstrophy79 Cloacal Exstrophy80 Uirnary Tract Reconstruction for Continence and Preservation81 Circumcision82 Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologyVII. Vascular and Lymphatic Malformations83 Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Vascular Rings84 Aortic Coarctation and Vascular Sling85 Abdominal Aortic Pathology in Childhood86 Vascular Malformations: Arterial, Venous, and LymphaticSection VIII. Neurosurgery 87 Neurosurgery for the Pediatric SurgeonIX. Orthopedic Surgery88 Extremity Injuries Section X. Severe Anomalies89 Conjoined Twins XI. Trauma90 Trauma: Epidemiology and Prevention of Childhood Injury91 Child Abuse92 Pediatric Injury Scoring and Triage Methology93 Head and Neck Trauma94 Thoracic Injury95 Abdominal Trauma96 Burn Injury 97 Animal Assaults: Bite and StingsXII. Oncology98 Principles of Adjuvant Therapy in Pediatric Cancer99 Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)100 Neuroblastoma101 Teratoma102 Rhabdomyosarcoma103 Hepatic Tumors104 Lymphomas105 Pigmented LesionsXIII. Transplantation106 Pediatric Immunobiology and Immunosuppression107 Surgery and End-Stage Renal Disease108 Liver Transplantation109 Lung Transplantation110 Intestinal Transplantation