Manual of Temporomandibular Disorders

Preface About the Companion Website Introduction Part I Initial Evaluation Chapter 1 Patient Interview Summary References Chapter 2 Review of the "Initial Patient Questionnaire" Chapter 3 Clinical Examination Range of Motion TMJ Noise TMD Palpations Intraoral Examination Occlusal Changes TMD Pain Caused by a Tooth Tooth Pain without Local Pathology Additional Evaluations References Chapter 4 Imaging Plain Radiographs Panoramic Radiograph Axially Corrected Sagittal Tomography Computed Tomography (CT) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Arthrography Ultrasound Imaging Strategies Imaging Recommendations References Chapter 5 TMD Diagnostic Categories TMJ Disorders Joint Pain Joint Disorders Joint Diseases Fractures Congenital/Developmental Disorders Masticatory Muscle Disorders Muscle Pain Limited to the Orofacial Region Contracture Hypertrophy Neoplasm Movement Disorders Masticatory Muscle Pain Attributed to Systemic/Central Disorders Headache Disorders Headache Attributed to TMD Associated Structures Coronoid Hyperplasia References Chapter 6 Contributing Factors References Part II Common Acute TMD Conditions and Treatments Chapter 7 TMD Secondary to Trauma References Chapter 8 TMD Secondary to Dental Treatment Preventing Aggravation from Dental Treatment Medial Pterygoid Muscle Pain Inability to Close into Maximum Intercuspation Occlusal Interference Sequelae Obstructive Sleep Apnea Appliances References Chapter 9 Lateral Pterygoid Spasm References Chapter 10 Intermittent and Continuous Forms of TMJ Disc Displacement without Reduction with Limited Opening Intermittent Disorder (Disc Displacement with Reduction with Intermittent Locking) Continuous Disorder (Disc Displacement without Reduction with Limited Opening, Also Known as Closed Lock) References Chapter 11 TMJ Subluxation and Luxation References Part III Occlusal Appliance Therapy Chapter 12 Stabilization Appliance Mandibular Positions and Interocclusal Record Physical Variables Full or Partial Coverage Maxillary or Mandibular Hard, Intermediate, or Soft Material Thick or Thin Appliance or Clasp Retention Summary of Physical Variables Appliance Adjustments Internal Adjustments Internal Reline External Adjustments External Reline Appliance Repair Appliance Examples Pressure-Cured Mandibular Acrylic Stabilization Appliance Maxillary Acrylic Stabilization Appliance Hard Thermomolded Stabilization Appliance Impak Stabilization Appliance Dual Laminate Thermomolded Stabilization Appliance Soft Thermomolded Stabilization Appliance Appliance Management References Chapter 13 Anterior Positioning Appliance Mandibular Position and Interocclusal Record Design and Adjustments Appliance Management References Part IV Multidisciplinary Management Approach Chapter 14 Self-Management Therapy Self-Management Instructions Closure Muscle-Stretching Exercise Lateral Pterygoid Muscle-Stretching Exercise Posture Exercises Controlling Awake Behaviors References Chapter 15 Physical Medicine Muscle Massage Yoga Trigger-Point Compression Trigger-Point Injection Botulinum ToxinPhysical Therapy Acupuncture Chiropractics References Chapter 16 Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Controlling Awake Behaviors Relaxation Hypnotherapy (Hypnosis) Biofeedback Assisted Relaxation Stress Management References Chapter 17 Pharmacological Management Analgesics Anti-Inflammatory Medications Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Ingested Form) Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Muscle Relaxants Anticonvulsants Tricyclic Antidepressants Topical Medications Over-the-Counter Topical Medications Prescription Topical Medications Nutritional Supplements References Chapter 18 Other Dental Procedures Occlusal Equilibration Orthodontic-Orthognathic Therapy Prosthodontic Therapy TMJ Surgery and Implants References Chapter 19 Integrating Multidisciplinary Therapies Management Summaries and Clinical Implications Self-Management Therapy Massage and Trigger-Point Compression Lateral Pterygoid Muscle-Stretching Exercise Closure Muscle-Stretching Exercise Posture Exercises Occlusal Appliances Physical Therapy Yoga Trigger-Point Injections Acupuncture Chiropractics Magnetic Therapy Controlling Awake Parafunctional, Muscle-Tightening, or Fatiguing Behaviors Relaxation Hypnotherapy (Hypnosis) Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation Stress Management Pharmacological Management Occlusal Therapy TMJ Surgery Integrating Conservative Therapies TMD Refractory to Initial Therapy Long-Term Management References Part V Case Scenarios Case 1: Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis Mimicking TMD Symptoms Case 2: Tooth Pain: No TMD Pain Case 3: Chronic Sinusitis Case 4: Chronic Forehead Pain Referred from the Neck Case 5: Myalgia Secondary to Sleep Parafunctional Behaviors Case 6: Tooth Attrition: No Pain Case 7: Myalgia Secondary to Awake Parafunctional Behaviors Case 8: Medial Pterygoid Spasm Case 9: Personal Stressors and Sleep Disturbances as Contributing Factors Case 10: Fibromyalgia as a Contributing Factor Case 11: TMJ Disc-Condyle Complex Disorders and When to Provide Therapy: No Pain Case 12: TMJ Arthralgia Case 13: TMJ Disc Displacement with Reduction with Intermittent Locking Case 14: TMJ Disc Displacement without Reduction with Limited Opening: Unlocked Case 15: TMJ Disc Displacement without Reduction with Limited Opening: Not Unlocked Case 16: Osteitis Causing Inability to Open Wide Case 17: Lateral Pterygoid Spasm Case 18: Acute Exacerbation of TMD Case 19: Multiple Forms of Head and Neck Pain after Crown Insertion Case 20: Appliance That Positioned Condyles into Their "Proper Position" References Part VI Fundamentals of Clinical Studies Prominent Clinical Study Designs Case Report Case Series Study Cross-sectional Study Case-control Study Cohort Study Nonrandomized Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Parallel-Group Randomized Clinical Trials Cross-Over Randomized Clinical Trials Other Types of Publications Literature Reviews Systematic Reviews Meta-analyses Clinical Practice Guidelines Considerations in Assessing Clinical Trials Conclusions References Appendices on Website Appendix 1 Referral Criteria for Hygienists Appendix 2 Initial Patient Questionnaire Appendix 3 TMJ Disc-Condyle Complex Disorders Appendix 4 TMD Self-Management Therapies Appendix 5 Occlusal Appliance Care Instructions Appendix 6 Closure Muscle-Stretching Exercise Appendix 7 Posture Improvement Exercises Instructions Exercises Appendix 8 Laboratory Stabilization Appliance Instructions Maxillary or Mandibular Impak Stabilization Appliance Maxillary or Mandibular 0.15-in. Soft Thermoplastic Appliance or Dual Laminate Thermoplastic Stabilization Appliance Maxillary or Mandibular 2-mm Hard Thermoplastic Appliance or Acrylic Stabilization Appliance Appendix 9 Example of Dental Record Entries Initial Exam Insertion Appointment Follow-Up Follow-Up Appendix 10 Examples of Physical Therapy Referral Appendix 11 Examples of Psychology Referral Appendix 12 Sources for Additional TMD Information Patient Brochures and Book Patient Advocacy Group TMD Practice Management Businesses Practitioners with TMD Expertise and Fellowship Programs Professional TMD Organizations TMD Textbooks TMD Journals Glossary Index