The US transportation system is composed of interconnected sub-systems that provide urban and intercity passenger and freight service and that operate by using infrastructure that facilitates surface, water, and air transportation. Transportation reduces the cost of distance, which includes the monetary cost, travel or shipping time, and safety consequences of moving people and goods from their origins to their destinations. An efficient transportation system provides the foundation for the development and growth of selected industries as well as an entire economy by enabling individuals and firms to be more productive at their destinations.
As the US emerged from World War II, the evolution of the transportation system was spurred by large taxpayer-funded investments to build the Interstate Highway System, construct new airports to accommodate the longer takeoff distances of jets, and design new suburban rail transit systems. At first blush, it appeared that the US was on its way to building the best transportation system money could buy.
However, by the 1960s, economists began to take issue with the so-called engineering approach to improving a transportation system, which involved increasing government spending and investment without considering efficient policies to optimize the system's performance that could reduce public spending and investment. Yet, as evidenced by the $1 trillion Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act signed by President Biden in November 2021, large government expenditures continue to be prioritized as the primary way to improve transportation.
In our book, Revitalizing A Nation: Competition and Innovation in the US Transportation System, we argue that it would be far more efficient and equitable if US policymakers prioritized greater competition and innovation instead of relying on taxpayer-funded spending to significantly improve the transportation system. Beginning in the mid-1970s, deregulation demonstrated that efficient policies could significantly improve the intercity passenger and freight transportation system by increasing competition among airlines, railroads, and trucks and by stimulating technological and operating innovations that reduced the modes' costs and prices and improved service quality. We provide evidence that ridesharing has stimulated competition in urban transportation and greatly benefited travelers and we call on policymakers to withdraw any obstacles that prevent ridesharing companies from competing in urban areas.
We also present evidence that policymakers could generate greater competition in all forms of transportation that would benefit travelers and shippers by:
-Negotiating open skies airline pricing and service agreements on US international routes with all countries.
-Granting foreign airlines cabotage rights to serve US domestic routes, which could spur global deregulation that would facilitate seamless international air travel.
-Privatizing airports and air traffic control so both airports and airlines could operate more effectively and compete more intensely.
-Privatizing ports so they could operate more efficiently and compete more intensely.
-Fully deregulating freight railroads and ocean shipping by eliminating the Surface Transportation Board and by repealing the Jones Act and Foreign Dredge Act and eliminating ocean rate conferences.
-Conducting highway privatization experiments to explore the potential benefits and feasibility of private highway competition in the United States.
Government also has a critical role to play in the transportation system's future adoption of innovations by preparing and upgrading infrastructure to facilitate its use by autonomous electric cars, trucks, buses, railroads, ships, as well as air taxis and airborne drones. We provide preliminary evidence that autonomous modes have the potential to provide enormous benefits to travelers, shippers, and the overall economy by improving service times and service time reliability and safety. The most disadvantaged members of society will especially benefit from automation because their accessibility to transportation will be greatly improved.
In the final analysis, by creating a stronger culture of competition and innovation in the US transportation system, policymakers can revitalize the nation without spending enormous sums of public funds to do so.
Rezensionen / Stimmen
"Since its origins in France in the early 19th century, transportation planning has been an incubator for the economic theory of incentives and consumer behavior. In its more recent history in the United States, transportation planning has become a branch of civil engineering, with a command-and-control approach to the design of transport infrastructure and the operation of transit systems. This book provides policy recommendations and empirical evidence that the use of economic markets and the incentives introduced through decentralization, privatization, and competition can increase the efficiency and utility of our transportation system. This is a provocative message that will get pushback from the transportation community, but it initiates a dialogue that can lead to significant improvements in the design and operation of our transportation infrastructure." -- Daniel L. McFadden, E. Morris Cox Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, Nobel Laureate in Economics "This timely volume presents new research on the efficient design of transportation systems, reminds us that how a nation deploys transportation technology and utilizes its public and private transportation capital are key determinants of economic performance, and highlights the central role of public policy in the transportation sector." -- James M. Poterba, Mitsui Professor of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology "Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in transportation economics, in part stimulated by new technologies such as electric and autonomous vehicles. This volume provides an invaluable economic analysis of some of the key public policy issues. It will be of great interest to both research scholars and public policymakers." -- Stephen J. Redding, Harold T. Shapiro '64 Professor of Economics, Princeton University
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
Zielgruppe
Illustrationen
83 BW Illustrations, 54 Tables
Maße
Höhe: 235 mm
Breite: 157 mm
Dicke: 23 mm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-0-8157-4040-7 (9780815740407)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Clifford Winston is a senior fellow in the Economic Studies Program at the Brookings Institution and Jia Yan is a professor of economics at Washington State University.
Chapter 1. Introduction
Clifford Winston and Jia Yan
Part I. Urban Transportation
Chapter 2. The Effect of Reductions in Vehicle Miles Traveled on Highway Fatalities and Congestion with Heterogeneous Motorists
Vikram Maheshri and Clifford Winston
Chapter 3. Is Public Bus Transit a Competitor or a Subordinate to Public Rail Transit?
Austin J. Drukker and Clifford Winston
Chapter 4. Measuring the Benefits of Ridesharing Service to Urban Travelers: The Case of the San Francisco Bay Area
Hyeonjun Hwang, Clifford Winston, and Jia Yan
Chapter 5. Consumer Adoption of Electric Vehicles: The Appropriate Role of the Private Sector and Government
Clifford Winston and Jia Yan
Chapter 6. Consumer Adoption of Autonomous Vehicles: The Appropriate Role of the Private Sector and Government
Clifford Winston and Jia Yan
Part II. Intercity Passenger Transportation
Chapter 7. Would US Travelers Benefit from Entry by Foreign Airlines? Simulating the Effect of Cabotage Based on Low-Cost Carrier Competition in US and European Union Markets
Xinlong Tan, Clifford Winston, and Jia Yan
Chapter 7 Appendix. Potential Benefits of Seamless International Airline Travel
Austin J. Drukker and Clifford Winston
Chapter 8. Public Airport Competition and Some Potential Benefits of Private Airport Competition
Austin J. Drukker and Clifford Winston
Chapter 9. Private Airport Competition and Innovation: The Case of Heated Airport Runways
Jukwan Lee, Clifford Winston, and Jia Yan
Chapter 10. Competition and Innovation to Further Improve Intercity Passenger Transportation
Clifford Winston and Jia Yan
Part III. Freight Transportation
Chapter 11. Railroad Competition and Innovation
Vikram Maheshri, Clifford Winston, Jia Yan, and Scott Dennis
Chapter 12. The Potential Benefits of Autonomous Trucking
Chad Shirley and Clifford Winston
Chapter 13. Water Transportation and Drones
Clifford Winston and Jia Yan
Part IV. Synthesis and Policy Recommendations
Chapter 14. Synthesis and Policy Recommendations
Clifford Winston and Jia Yan
