How drug testing fails - the politics of doping control; what is doping and how is it detected? comparative analysis of doping scandals - Canada, Russia, and China; doping in elite swimming - a case study of the modern era from 1970 forward; doping an moral authority - sport organisations today; an ethical analysis of drug-testing; difficulties in estimating the prevalence of drug use; drugs, sport and national identity in Australia; Lousanne Doping Conference; difficulties in estimating the prevalence of drug use among elite athletes.