Section 1 Developmental anatomy: development and maturation of axial skeleton. section 2 Biomechanics: spinal biomechanics; biomechanics - clinical applications. Section 3 Imaging techniques: imaging modalities. section 4 Patient evaluation: back pain in children; evaluation of the patient with deformity. Section 5 Congenital abnormalities: congenital scoliosis; congenital kyphosis and lordosis; sacral agenesis; congenital and developmental spinal stenosis; craniovertebral junction abnormalities in the paediatric spine; congenital abnormalities of the cervical spine; neurosurgical management of spinal dysraphism; spinal deformity in skeletal dysplasias. Section 6 Developmental abnormalities: developmental abnormalities a of the cervical spine; early-onset idiopathic scoliosis; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis -etiology; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis - natural history; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis - non-surgical techniques; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis - surgery; Scheuermann's kyphosis; spndylolysis and spondylolisthesis; herniated nucleus pulposus and slipped vertebral apophysis; neurofibromatosis; iatrogenic spinal deformities; Marfan syndrome; Chiari malformations, syringomyelia, and tethered cord syndrome. Section 7 Traumatic conditions: cell biology of spinal cord injury; cervical spine injuries in children; thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine fractures; spinal cord injury and posts-traumatic deformities; spinal cord rehabilitation. Section 8 Inflammatory and infectious conditions: pyogenic infectious spondylitis in children; tuberculosis of the spine; fungal infections of the spine; rheumatic diseases; inflammatory diseases of the spinal cord, leptomeninges, and dura. Section 9 Neoplasms and malformations: spine neoplasms; spinal cord tumours. Section 10 Metabolic disease: idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis; the spine in osteogenesis imperfecta; mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, and homocystinuria. Section 11 Neuromuscular disease: neuromuscular spinal deformities; cerebral palsy spine deformities; spinal deformities in Friedreich's ataxia; muscular dystrophy; spinal muscular arthrophy; myelomeningocele spine; poliomyelitis scoliosis; other neuromuscular deformities. Section 1 Intraoperative considerations: anaesthetic considerations; blood salvage; neurophysiology; spinal cord monitoring. Section 2 Traction and casting: traction; casting. Section 3 Bone banking, grafting, and substitutes: biology of bone grafting - autographs, allografts, substitutes. Section 4 Surgical approaches and techniques: approaches - surgical approaches to the craniocervical junction; anterior and posterior surgical approaches to the cervical spine; anterior and posterior approaches to the lumbosacral junction and sacrum; surgical techniques - anterior and posterior cervical spine fusion and instrumentation; posterior spinal fusion; anterior spinal surgery; vertebrectomy an spinal cord decompression; thoracoplasty; kyphectomy; the decompensated spine; thor
