A "naturalist approach" to the "characteristic structure" of "scientific hypothetical-deductive theories" and related topics in the philosophy of science; further basic aspects of scientific theories and some topics in the philosophy of science; systematic regularities, limitations of the second law of thermodynamics, causality, "anschaulichkeit" and reality; Foundations of one possible kind of mechanistic materialism and some related issues in the philosophy of mind; Intracranial systems and SYMOs, verisimilitude, models and the status of pure mathematics vis-a-vis materialism; scientific and general "rationality", scientific decision making and moderate relativism - a purely philosophical postscript with a critique of some of Popper's views.