Overview - behind validation, the regulatory world; government regulation - FDA regulation, EPA regulations, European union regulations; situational review - situational review by industry, situational review in the USA, international situational review; tools for validation - validation checklist, the use of an SDLC in system validation, data integrity and security, documentation - the SOP, electronic signatures, drug inspections, biologics inspections, medical device inspections, hazard analysis; field findings - FDA adverse findings, case study experience - sixteen theses; future developments - future developments. Appendices: glossary; validation bibliography.