PREFACE
ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
1. THE REGION AND ITS FOLK
I, THE LA.NI>
2, THE PIOPLE
(a) Ethnological and Cultural History of the Region
(6) Social and Economic Life
Religions and their Distribution:
(a.) Paganism
(/1) Judaism
(y) Christianity
(8) Distribution of Islam
THE CONFLICT OF CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM IN ETHIOPIA
I, HISTORICAL SltETCH OP THE R.IGION BIPORE THE RISE OP ISLAM
Semitic Colonization in Abyssinia
(6) The Kingdom of Axum
(,) The Introduction of Christianity into the Kingdom of Axum
2, FIR.ST CONTACTS WITH ISLAM
(a) Rise of Islam: Turning-Boint in History of Region
First Contacts with Islam
(6) The Birth of the Abyssinian Nation
The Challenge and the Response: The Conversion of
the Abyssinians to Christianity
The Zlgw! Dynasty
Islamic Kingdoms in Eastern Shoa
The First Expansion of Islam
(,) The 'Solomonid' Dynasty
The Muslim Sultanates
The Struggle with the Sultanates
3* THE MUSLIM CONQUEST OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
(a) Introductory:
Ottomans and Portuguese in the Arabian Sea
The Empire of Ethiopia
The Jihad and Tribal Movements
(6) Abyssinia before the Conquest
(,) The Great Conquest
Eft"ect of the Conquest on Christians and Muslims
Partial Recovery
4* PEllJOD OP ISOLATION AND llEGIONALISM
Roman Propaganda and Nationalist Reaction
(6) Atrophy of Abyssinian Christianity and Renewed Progress
of Islam
The Triumph of Regionalism
Collapse of the Monarchy
Disintegration of the Empire and Galla Supremacy over
the Throne
Progress of Islam during the Period of Regionalism
5* UNIPICATION OP THE ETHIOPIAN EMPIRE
The Renaissance of Islam in the Nineteenth Century
The New Egypt and Abyssinia
Islamic Awakening in the Sudan
(6) First Attempts at Unification Renewal of Egyptian Plans for Expansion The Emperor John's attempt at Religious Unity
The Mahdiyya of the Sudan and Abyssinia
Menelik's Conquest of Muslim and Pagan Regions
Lijj Iyllsu's attempt at a Muslim Revolution
European Powers in the Region
The Mahdi of Somaliland
(t) The Reign of Hllyla Sellasse
6. CHARACTERISTICS OP ISLAMIC PENETRATION
(a) The ExpanJion of Islam in North-East Africa
(6) Abyssinian History and the Challenge of Islam
TRIBAL DISTRIBUTION OF ISLAM
I, INTllODUCTION
2, ABYSSINIAN MUSLIMS (JABARTI)
3* AD SHAIKH
BANI 'AMIil
5* BAIT ASGADI (l;IABAB, AD TAKLls, AND AD TAMARYAM)
6. MANSA AND BAIT JUK
7* BILIN Oil BOGOS
8. MARYA
9* MINOR GROUPS IN EllITllEA
IO. 1AFAI 01 DANAKIL
I I. IAHO
U. SJDXMA
GUalG!
oaoMA 01. GALLA
{*) Culture Contact and Change
(6) The People
Institutions of the Pagan Galla
{,) Muslim Galla Groups:
(ci) Galla of the Abyssinian Plateau
(ft) Galla of the Upper Gi
{y) The South-Eastem Galla (Harar Province) :
(8) The Arai or Arllsi :
I S* THI SOMALI :
MUSLIM Nl!GI.OID TRIBES :
{o) Baria and Kunlma :
(6) Bani Shangiil Region
(,) Bantu and Somalized Bantu Groups
MINOR GROUPS
(o) Arabs
(6) West African Sudanese
(,) The Argobba
(I) Outcaste Peoples
4, SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ISLAM IN THE REGION
I. THI ORTHODOX SYSTEM
(*) Orthodox Observance
(6) Islamic Law and Customary Codes
:Z. THI DIRVJSH OllDl!l.8
{*) Propagation of the Orders
(6) Organization of the Orders
(,) Qldiriyya
(I) A}.i.madiyya
{t} }.i.iyya (Rashldiyya)
(.f) Mirghaniyya or Khatmiyya
(g) Tijlniyya
{A) Sam.mlniyya
3* IAINT WOI.IHIP
(o) Saints and their Tombs
(6) Pilgrimage to the Sanctuary of Shaikh l;Iusain
4* THI PH*IILAMIC IIDIMINT
(.r) The Concept of the Supernatural
(') Forms of Religious Behaviour
S* THI >.1111\CILATION OF JILAM BY PAGANS
6, THI INFLUINCI OF WISTII.NJIM
INDEX
MAPS
I, U.NOUAOIS OF NORTH*IAST AFRICA
2, MUSLIM ITATIS IN THI TIMI OF 1AMDA fYON I (A,D, I 314-44)
3* THI CONQUIITS OF MINILJlt U
4* THI TRJBII OF IRITRIA
S? THI IJDlMA RIOION
6. ONI OF NORTH*IAIT AFRICA
