Introduction; Topic 1. Production: 1. Chain of production; 2. Specialisation and division of labour; 3. Commerce; 4. Relationship between industry, commerce and direct services; Topic 2. Retail trade: 5. Role of the retailer in the chain of distribution; 6. Types of retailer; 7. Large-scale and small-scale retailing; 8. Selling techniques and methods, and the implications of e-commerce; 9. Trends in retailing; Topic 3. Consumer credit: 10. Use of credit; 11. Types of credit; Topic 4. Wholesale trade: 12. Role of the wholesaler in the chain of distribution; 13. Functions and services of the wholesaler; 14. Intermediaries in the wholesale trade; Topic 5. Documents of trade: 15. Documents of home trade; 16. Terms of payment; Topic 6. International trade: 17. Importance of international trade; 18. Balance of trade and balance of payments; 19. Customs authorities; 20. Free trade, trading blocs and protectionism; 21. Difficulties faced by exporters and importers; Topic 7. Advertising: 22. Role of advertising; 23. Advertising media; 24. Methods of appeal (devices); 25. Sales promotion; 26. Trends in advertising; Topic 8. Communications: 27. Importance of communications in trade and the global market; 28. Methods of communications; 29. Postal services; 30. Trends in communications; Topic 9. Transport: 31. Transportation; 32. Containerisation; 33. International transport - ports and airports; 34. Transport documents; 35. Developments and trends in transportation; Topic 10. Warehousing: 36. Role of warehousing; 37. Types of warehouse; Topic 11. Insurance: 38. Purposes of insurance; 39. Business and personal risks; 40. Insurance principles; 41. Effecting insurance cover; 42. Statistical basis of insurance; 43. Effecting a claim; Topic 12. Banking: 44. Banking services; 45. Means of payment for home and international trade activities; 46. Trends in banking; Topic 13. The Business Unit: 47. Location of a business; 48. Public and private sectors; 49. Main forms of business organisations in the private sector; 50. Franchises; 51. Multinationals; Topic 14. Finance: 52. Sources of finance; 53. Finance for commercial activity; 54. Improving commercial performance; Topic 15. Changing Environment of Commerce: 55. Commercial activity and the external environment; 56. Commercial and environmental effects of e-commerce; 57. Commerce and the environment; 58. Consumer protection; Examination Guidance; Answers; Glossary; Index.
