This volume comprises the lectures and a selection of communications presented at the International Congress on Chronobiology, held in Paris, in September, 1997. Since the late 1960s it has been shown that a number of physiologic functions are regulated by a system of clocks controlling basel levels of activity and responsitivity to changes in the environment. At the beginning of this century (1935) Erwin Bunning was the first to demonstrate that plants and insects still displayed circadian rhythms after they or their parents were raised in constant conditions. Later on, he was the first to demonstrate that circadian clocks measure the length of the day. In the 1950s, Colin Pittendrigh provided strong evidence that circadianphenomena are not learned but they display endogenous properties, the periods of which are independent of environmental factors. Since then, a number of investigations have extensively documented properties of biological clocks and demonstrated their presence in organisms ranging from single-celled algae to humans.
This book reflects, and is a token of the recent advances in the study of biological rhythms in different areas such as molecular genetics, cell functions, neurobiology, biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology as well as the effects of the environmental signals (light, temperature..) on biological periodicities. The importance of rhythmicity in health and disease is also well highlighted in this volume. These advances in both fundamental and applied chronobiology are presented in five parts: molecular, cellular and genetic aspects of biological rhythms; environmental signals, entrainment and regulation of biological rhythms; melatonin and the pineal gland; neuroendocrinology, metabolism and nutrition; experimental medicine; and clinical perspectives.
This volume comprises the lectures and a selection of communications presented at the International Congress on Chronobiology, held in Paris, in September, 1997. Since the late 1960s it has been shown that a number of physiologic functions are regulated by a system of clocks controlling basel levels of activity and responsitivity to changes in the environment. At the beginning of this century (1935) Erwin Bunning was the first to demonstrate that plants and insects still displayed circadian rhythms after they or their parents were raised in constant conditions. Later on, he was the first to demonstrate that circadian clocks measure the length of the day. In the 1950s, Colin Pittendrigh provided strong evidence that circadianphenomena are not learned but they display endogenous properties, the periods of which are independent of environmental factors. Since then, a number of investigations have extensively documented properties of biological clocks and demonstrated their presence in organisms ranging from single-celled algae to humans.
This book reflects, and is a token of the recent advances in the study of biological rhythms in different areas such as molecular genetics, cell functions, neurobiology, biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology as well as the effects of the environmental signals (light, temperature..) on biological periodicities. The importance of rhythmicity in health and disease is also well highlighted in this volume. These advances in both fundamental and applied chronobiology are presented in five parts: molecular, cellular and genetic aspects of biological rhythms; environmental signals, entrainment and regulation of biological rhythms; melatonin and the pineal gland; neuroendocrinology, metabolism and nutrition; experimental medicine; and clinical perspectives.
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Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Aspects of Biological Rhythms. Entrainment pathways in the mammalian brain (R.Y. Moore). Non-photic entrainment mechanisms (M.H. Hastings et al. ). Physiological "dissection" of the mammalian biological clock (R. Silver, M.-T. Romero, J. LeSauter) Non-SCN rhythm in the circadian domain (K. Honma, S. Honma). Molecular analyses of the Xenopus photoreceptor circadian oscillator (C.B. Green, J.C. Besharse). Dopamine and retinal circadian rhythms in mammals (J. Nguyen-Legros, E. Chanut, C. Versaux-Botteri). External signals and internal oscillation dynamics: frequency coding, signal amplification and interaction mechanisms (F. Kaiser). Modeling human circadian phase and amplitude resetting (R.E. Kronauer, M.E. Jewett, C.A. Czeisler). Models of temperature compensation in biological rhythms (P. Ruoff). Modeling circadian oscillations of the PER and TIM proteins in Drosophila (J.-C. Leloup, A. Goldbeter). Antagonistic effects of melatonin and PACAP on CREB phosphorylation in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (M. Kopp, H.-W. Korf, H. Meissl). Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) in the retinohypothalamic tract phase shifts the circadian clock (J.D. Mikkelsen et al. ). Transplantation of fetal rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) genetically modified via adenovirus-mediated gene transfer (K.E. van Esseveldt et al. ). Twenty four hour variation in the function of the terminal 5-HT1B autoreceptor in the rat SCN (M.L. Garabette et al. ). Evolution of NOS neurons, NADPH-diaphorase activity and glutamatergic receptors in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of Syrian hamsters after retinal bilateral deafferentation (M. Caillol et al. ). Circadian rhythms of glutathione and mitochondrial activity in human hepatic cell line. Influence of melatonin (RA. Osseni et al. ). Effect of light environment upon the development of the astrocytic population within the circadian clock of hamster (M. Lavialle et al. ). Fluctuations of the transcription factor C/EBP in the hamster clock: role upon energy metabolism regulation in astrocytes? (J. Serviere et al. ). Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors alter the period and phase of a molluscan circadian clock (N.A. Krucher, L. Meijer, M.H. Roberts). Role of cyclic AMP in the regulation of cell division by the circadian oscillator in photoautotrophically grown Euglena gracilis (G. Mohabir, L.N. Edmunds Jr.). Temporal organization of shoot elongation in tomato plants: an experimental approach (C.I. Assaad et al. ). Photoperiodic control of flowering -- 'florigen' a frequency-coded electric signal? (E. Wagner, J. Normann, J.T.P. Albrechtova). II. Environmental Signals, Entrainment and Regulation of Biological Rhythms. Interaction of circadian, ultradian and infradian rhythms E. Haus et al. ). Seeing through the environment into the body clock in humans J. Waterhouse et al. ). Photoreception and circadian regulation in vertebrates (T. Oishi, R. Morishima, A. Masuda).
