Introduction: The Xenon/Computed Tomography Cerebral Blood Flow Method: Clouded Past, Clear Present, Bright Future; Part I: Principles of Cerebral Blood Flow and its Measurements: Physiology of Cerebral Blood Flow and Theory of Its Measurements; Theory of Xenon-Enhanced Computed Tomography Cerebral Blood Flow Methodology; Part II: Background and Methodology: The Effects of Stable Xenon Gas; Radiation Exposure; Normative Values; Inhalation Protocols; Accuracy of Low Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements Using Xenon/Computed Tomography: Effect of Xenon Inhalation Time; Comparison of Xenon/Computed Tomography and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography; Comparison of Xenon/Computed Tomography and Iodoamphetamine Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography; Dynamic Computed Tomography and Cerebral Blood Volume; Part III: Chronic Occlusive Vascular Disease: Cerebral Blood Flow in Chronic Occlusive Cerebrovascular and Moyamoya Disease; Tests of Cerebral Blood Flow Reserve Capacity; Natural History of Chronic Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease Defined by Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow Reserves; Hemodynamic Evaluation with Stable Xenon/Computed Tomography in Patients with Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency; Validity of Methods for Testing Cerebral Blood Flow Reserves; Testing for Cerebral Blood Flow Reserve in Chronic Ischemic Diseases: Comparison of Data Obtained with the Xenon/Computed Tomography Acetazolamide Challenge Test and Positron Emission Tomography; Part IV: Stroke: Assessment of the Pathophysiology of Stroke by Positron Emission Tomography; Acute Assessment of Patients with Stroke; Critical Level of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Determined by Xenon/Computed Tomography in Acute Cerebral Infarction; Part V: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Clinical Management after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Part VI: Carotid Test Occlusion: Tests of Tolerance to Carotid Artery Occlusion; The Acetazolamie-Loading Matas Test as a Preoperative Test for Patients with Internal Carotid Cavernous Giant Aneurysms; Part VII: Arteriovenous Malformation: Assessment of Patients with Arteriovenous Malformations; Cerebral Hemodynamics and Metabolism in Patients with Arteriovenous Malformations: Assessment with Acetazolamide-Challenge Xenon/Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography; Part VIII: Intracranial Mass Lesion: Assessment of Patients with Intracranial Mass Lesions due to Subdural and Intracranial Hematomas; Tumors; Part IX: Severe Head Injury: Management of Patients with Severe Head Injury; Regional Ischemia after Severe Head Injury in Humans; Changes in the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Resulting from Early Cerebral Blood Flow Information; Part X: Dementia and Degenerative Diseases: Local Cerebral Blood Flow in Degenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia; Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus; Computed Tomography Cerebral Blood Flow Values Compared in Normal Aging, Ischemic Vascular Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease; Part XI: Intensive Care: Applications of Xenon/Computed Tomography in Intensive Care; Index