Chapter 1: The Development of Veterinary Medicine Historical Perspective Domestication of Animals and Early Methods of Healing Changing Concepts of the Cause of Disease Impetus for Change Contemporary Veterinary Medicine Current and Emerging Problems: New Crises The Fifth Period Emerging TrendsChapter 2: The Scope of Epidemiology Definition of Epidemiology The uses of Epidemiology Types of Epidemiological Investigation Components of Epidemiology Qualitative Investigations Quantitative Investigations Is Epidemiology a Science? The Interplay Between Epidemiology and Other Sciences The Relationship Between Epidemiology and Other Diagnostic DisciplinesChapter 3: Some General Epidemiological Concepts Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic and Sporadic Ocurrence of Disease The Cause of Disease Koch's Postulates Evans' Postulates Variables Types of Association Causal Models Confounding Formulating a Causal HypothesisChapter 4: Describing Disease Occurrence The Structure of Animal Populations Contiguous Populations Separated Populations Measures of Disease Occurrence Prevalence Incidence The Relationship Between Prevalence and Incidence Application of Prevalence and Incidence Values Ratios, Proportions and Rates Life Tables Displaying Morbidity and Mortality Values and Demographic Data Mapping Geographic Base Maps Demographic Base MapsChapter 5: Determinants of Disease Classification of Determinants Host Determinants Age Sex Species and Breed Other Host Determinants Agent Determinants Virulence and Pathogenicity Gradient of Infection Outcome of Infection Microbial Colonization of Hosts Environmental Determinants Location Climate Husbandry Stress Interaction Biological Interaction Statistical Interaction The Cause of CancerChapter 6: The Transmission and Maintenance of Infection Horizontal Transmission Types of Host and Vector Factors Associated with the Spread of Infection Routes of Infection Methods of Transmission Vertical Transmission Types and Methods of Vertical Transmission Immunological Status and Vertical Transmission Transovarial and Trans-Stadial Transmission in Arthropods Maintenance of Infection Hazards to Infectious Agents Maintenance StrategiesChapter 7: The Ecology of Disease Basic Ecological Concepts The Distribution of Populations Regulation of Population Size The Niche Some Examples of Niches Relating to Disease The Relationships Between Different Types of Animals and Plants Ecosystems Types of Ecosystem Landscape Epidemiology Nidality Objectives of Landscape EpidemiologyChapter 8: Patterns of Disease Basic Epidemic Theory Epidemic Curves Epidemic Waves Trends in the Temporal Distribution of Disease Short-Term Trends Cyclical Trends Long-Term (Secular) Trends True and False Changes in Morbidity and Mortality Detecting Temporal Trends: Time Series Analysis Trends in the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Disease Spatial Trends in Disease Occurrence Time-Space ClusteringChapter 9: The Nature of Data Data Elements Nomenclature and Classification of Disease Diagnostic Criteria Sensitivity and Specificity Accuracy, Refinement, Precision, Reliability and Validity Bias Representation of Data: Coding Code Structure Numeric Codes Alpha Codes Alphanumeric Codes Symbols Choosing a Code Error Detection Measurements Discrete Measurements Continuous MeasurementsChapter 10: Sources of Data Some General Considerations Nature of Data Cooperation Trace-Back Bias The Cost of Data Collection Problems Unique to Developing Countries Sources of Epidemiological Data Government Veterinary Organizations Veterinary Practices Abattoirs Poultry Packing Plants Knacker Yards Serum Banks Registries Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sales Zoological Gardens Agricultural Organizations Commercial Livestock Enterprises Non-Veterinary Government Departments Farm Records Veterinary Schools Other SourcesChapter 11: Data Storage and Retrieval Data Base Models Non-Computerized Recording Techniques Longhand Recording Techniques Punched Card Recording Techniques Computerized Recording Techniques Structure of Computers Languages Changing Approaches to Computing Accessing Computerized Data Veterinary Data Bases Scales of Project Recording Some Examples of Veterinary Data BasesChapter 12: Presenting Numerical Data Some Basic Definitions Some Descriptive Statistics Measures of Position Measures of Spread Interval Estimation Statistical Distributions The Normal Distribution The Binomial Distribution The Poisson Distribution Other Distributions Transformations Normal Approximations to the Binomial and Poisson Distributions Displaying Numerical DataChapter 13: Demonstrating Association Some Basic Techniques The Principle of a Significance Test The Null Hypothesis Errors of Inference Student's t-Test The x2-Test of Association Estimation of Risk Measuring Interaction Correlation Non-Parametric Tests Multivariate Analysis Statistical PackagesChapter 14: Surveys Sampling: Some Basic Concepts Types of Sampling Surveys What Sample Size should be Selected? Estimation of Disease Prevalence Detecting the Presence of Disease The Cost of Surveys Collecting Information: Questionnaires Structure of a Questionnaire Designing a Questionnaire Mailed and Self-Completed Questionnaires Interviews Testing a Questionnaire Criteria for Success of a QuestionnaireChapter 15: Observational Studies The Three Types of Observational Study Nomenclature of Observational Studies Measures of Association Used in Observational Studies Interpreting Results Bias in Observational Studies Controlling Bias Selection of Sample Size in Cohort and Case-Control Studies Multivariate Techniques Comparison of the Types of Observational StudyChapter 16: Serological Epidemiology Assaying Antibodies Methods of Expressing Amounts of Antibody Quantal Assay Serological Estimations and Comparisons in Populations Detecting the Presence of Antibody Comparison of Antibody Levels Interpreting Serological Tests Refinement Accuracy The Relationship Between Sensitivity and Specificity The Predictive Value of Serological Tests Antibody Prevalence Serum Banks Applications of Serum Banks Sources of Serum Collection and Storage of SerumChapter 17: Modeling Types of Model Forecasting Systems Empirical Models Explanatory Models Deterministic Population Models Deterministic Models Using Differential Calculus Deterministic Matrix Models Stochastic Population Models Stochastic Models Using Differential Calculus Stochastic Network Models Further Veterinary Applications of ModelingChapter 18: The Economics of Disease Production as an Economic Process The Nature of Economic Decisions The Economic Analysis of Animal Disease The Need for Economic Assessment of Disease Control Methods of Financial Evaluation Assessing the Cost of Disease Cost-Benefit Analysis of Disease Control Principles of CBA An example of CBA Some Problems Associated with CBAChapter 19: Health and Productivity Schemes The Development of Health and Productivity Schemes Structure of Health and Productivity Schemes Dairy Health and Productivity Schemes Targets Routine Visits Pig Health and Productivity Schemes Targets Routine Visits Sheep Health and Productivity Schemes Targets Routine Visits Beef Health and Productivity Schemes Targets Routine Visits Companion Animal Health SchemesChapter 20: The Control of Disease Disease Control and Eradication Definition of 'Control' and 'Eradication' Strategies of Control and Eradication Important Factors in Control and Eradication Programs Veterinary Medicine Towards the End of this Century Livestock Medicine Companion Animal MedicineGeneral ReadingAppendices Appendix I: Glossary of Terms Appendix II: Basic Mathematical Notation and Terms Appendix III: Student's t-Distribution Appendix IV: The x2-Distribution Appendix V: The Correlation Coefficient Appendix VI: Technique of Selecting a Simple Random Sample Appendix VII: Sample Sizes Appendix VIII: The Probability of Detecting a Small Number of Cases in a Population Appendix IX: The Probability of Failure to Detect Cases in a Population Appendix X: The Variance-Ratio (F) DistributionReferencesIndex
