The first edition of our Handbook was written in 1983. In the preface to the first edition we noted the rapid development of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and its considerable potential for elemental analysis. The intervening five years have seen a substantial growth in ICP applications; much has happened and this is an appropriate time to present a revised edition. The basic approach of the book remains the same. This is a handbook, addressed to the user of the technique who seeks direct, practical advice. A concise summary of the technique is attempted. Detailed, theoretical treatment of the background to the method is not covered. We have, however, thoroughly revised much of the text, and new chapters have been added. These reflect the changes and progress in recent years. We are grateful to Mr Stephen Walton, Dr Gwendy Hall and London and Scandinavian Metallurgical Co. Ltd for their contributions. Chapter 3 (Instrumentation) has been rewritten by Mr Walton, the new Chapter on ICP-mass spectrometry has been written by Dr Hall, and London and Scandinavian provided much of the information for the chapter on metals analysis by ICP-AES. These chapters have been integrated into the book, and a conscious effort has been made to retain the unity of style within the book. New material has been added elsewhere in the book, archaeological materials are considered, pre concentration methods and chemometrics covered more fully.
Auflage
Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989
Sprache
Verlagsort
Zielgruppe
Für Beruf und Forschung
Research
Illustrationen
Maße
Höhe: 235 mm
Breite: 155 mm
Dicke: 19 mm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-1-4612-8037-8 (9781461280378)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4613-0697-9
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1 Introduction.- 1.1 Preliminary-purpose and scope of book.- 1.2 Historic development of ICP spectrometry.- 1.3 Background to quantitative ICP analysis.- 1.4 Range of determinable elements in geological materials.- 2 Analytical characteristics.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Simultaneous analysis.- 2.3 Sequential analysis ICP system.- 2.4 Detection limits.- 2.5 Calibration range of ICP-AES.- 2.6 Interferences.- 2.7 Precision and accuracy.- 2.8 Experimental considerations.- 2.9 The injection of organic liquids into an ICP.- 3 Instrumentation for ICP-AES.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Spectrometers.- 3.3 Plasma torches.- 3.4 Nebulizer systems.- 3.5 Radiofrequency generators and source.- 3.6 Electronics, computers and software.- 3.7 Fourier transform spectrometers.- 3.8 ICP-atomic fluorescence spectrometry.- 3.9 Direct current plasmas (DCP).- 3.10 Microwave plasmas (MIP).- 3.11 Choice of an ICP system.- 4 Silicate rock analysis.- 4.1 Dissolution methods for silicates.- 4.2 Instrument calibration.- 4.3 Major element determinations.- 4.3 Trace element analysis.- 4.4 Rare earth element determinations.- 5 Multielement applications of ICPS in applied geochemistry.- 5.1 The nature and evolution of applied geochemistry.- 5.2 General aspects of applied geochemical analysis.- 5.3 ICP instrumentation in relation to the requirements of applied geochemistry.- 5.4 Decomposition procedures in applied geochemical analysis.- 6 Gas phase sample injection.- 6.1 The development of gas phase injection methods.- 6.2 Methodology of the hydride injection system.- 6.3 Applications of the hydride injection system.- 7 Injection methods for solid samples.- 7.1 Introduction to solid sample injection methods.- 7.2 Sample injection following electrothermal vaporization.- 7.3 Direct sample injection from agraphite rod.- 7.4 Discrete sample injection by means of laser ablation.- 7.5 Nebulization of slurries.- 8 Water analysis by ICP-AES.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 General aspects of water analysis.- 8.3 Direct water analysis by ICP-AES.- 8.4 Water analysis with preconcentration.- 9 The analysis of environmental materials by ICP-AES.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Air analysis.- 9.3 Sewage sludge.- 9.4 Domestic dust, road dust and industrial dust.- 9.5 Domestic and industrial refuse.- 9.6 The analysis of animal and plant tissues.- 10 The analysis of archaeological materials by ICP-AES.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Archaeological materials.- 11 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.- 11.1 Instrumentation.- 11.2 Optimization.- 11.3 Interferences.- 11.4 Calibration strategies.- 11.5 Applications of ICP-MS with sample introduction by nebulization.- 11.6 Other modes of sample introduction.- 11.7 Future directions.- 12 Analysis of metals by ICP-AES.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Analysis of iron and steel.- 12.3 Analysis of other metals.- Appendix 1 Safety.- Appendix 2 Manufacturers of ICP systems and accessories.- References.
