FOREWORD BY KENNETH BOULDING, PREFACE, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, CONTRIBUTORS, I. THEORY, 1. Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behavior: Process and Products, 2. Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men, 3. Notes Toward a Developmental Theory of Spatial Learning, 4. Cognitive Maps in Perception and Thought, II. COGNITIVE REPRESENTATIONS, 5. Psychology and Living Space, 6. Notes on Urban Perception and Knowledge, 7. Differential Cognition of Urban Residents: Effects of Social Scale on Mapping, 8. How Citizens View Two Great Cities: Milan and Rome, 9. Student Views of the World, 10. Designative Perceptions of Macro-Spaces: Concepts, a Methodology, and Applications, III. SPATIAL PREFERENCE, 11. On Mental Maps, IV. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL COGNITION, 12. Some Preliminary Observations on Spatial Learning in School Children, 13. The Black Boxes of Jonkoping; Spatial Information and Preference, 14. The Development of Spatial Cognition: A Review, V. GEOGRAPHICAL AND SPATIAL ORIENTATION, 15. Topographical Orientation, 16. Some References to Orientation, VI. COGNITIVE DISTANCE, 17. Emotional and Geographical Phenomena in Psychophysical Research, 18. A Method for Analyzing Distance Concepts of Urban Residents, 19. Urban Cognitive Distance, EPILOGUE, BIBLIOGRAPHY, NAME INDEX, INDEX OF PLACE NAMES, SUBJECT INDEX