Probability; decision models; linear programming; sensitivity analysis; PERT (Programme Evaluation Review Technique); PERT/TIME; PERT/COST; Pareto distributions; refinement of the Pareto model; end-user requirements; specification; concept design - problem-finding, problem-solving, evaluation; general arrangement; details; robustness of design; the quality revolution; towards the future. Appendices: normal cumulative distribution functions; useful definitions.