1. Introduction; 2. I. Mirror neurons system - Past, present, and future of a discovery; 3. The neural correlates of action understanding in non-human primates (by Fogassi, Leonardo); 4. The mirror system in humans (by Rizzolatti, Giacomo); 5. II. Further developments in the study of mirror neurons system and interpretations of its functions; 6. Is the human brain unique? (by Roth, Gerhard); 7. The co-evolution of language and working memory capacity in the human brain (by Gruber, Oliver); 8. Episodic action memory: Characterization of the time course and neural circuitry (by Senkfor, Ava J.); 9. The role of objects in imitation (by Wohlschlager, Andreas); 10. The mirror system and joint action (by Knoblich, Gunther); 11. Brain activation to passive observation of grasping actions (by McGlone, Francis); 12. Mirror neurons and the self construct (by Vogeley, Kai); 13. Behavioral synchronization in human conversational interaction (by Rotondo, Jennifer L.); 14. Symmetry building and symmetry breaking in synchronized movement (by Boker, Steven M.); 15. III. Mirror neurons system and the evolution of brain, communication, and language; 16. On the evolutionary origin of language (by Li, Charles N.); 17. Mirror neurons, vocal imitation, and the evolution of particulate speech (by Studdert-Kennedy, Michael); 18. Constitutive features of human dialogic interaction: Mirror neurons and what they tell us about human abilities (by Weigand, Edda); 19. Some features that make mirror neurons and human language faculty unique (by Stamenov, Maxim I.); 20. Altercentric perception by infants and adults in dialogue: Ego's virtual participation in Alter's complementary act (by Braten, Stein); 21. Visual attention and self-grooming behaviors among four-month-old infants: Indirect evidence pointing to a developmental role for mirror neurons (by Anderson, Samuel W.); 22. The role of mirror neurons in the ontogeny of speech (by Vihman, Marilyn); 23. Mirror neurons' registration of biological motion: A resource for evolution of communication and cognitive/linguistic meaning (by McCune, Loraine); 24. Looking for neural answers to linguistic questions (by Bichakjian, Bernard H.); 25. Mirror neurons and cultural transmission (by Morrison, India); 26. IV. Applications; 27. Mirror neurons and the neural basis for learning by imitation: Computational modeling (by Billard, Aude); 28. Mirror neurons and feedback learning (by Womble, Steve); 29. A connectionist model which unifies the behavioral and the linguistic processes: Results from robot learning experiments (by Sugita, Yuuya); 30. Name index; 31. Subject index