Systems Biologists

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 25. Chapters: Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Andrew Huxley, Humberto Maturana, James Collins, Conrad Hal Waddington, Richard Sternberg, Denis Noble, Ravi Iyengar, Mark A. O'Neill, Walter M. Elsasser, Alexander van Oudenaarden, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Leroy Hood, George Church, Igor Goryanin, Eduardo Daniel Sontag, Mihajlo D. Mesarovic, Brian Goodwin, Len R. Troncale, Pardis Sabeti, Søren Brunak, Dirk Brockmann, Brian Hooker, Stuart Newman, Dennis Bray, Frederic Vester, Jay Keasling, Adilson E. Motter, David Harel, Marc Zabeau, Marc Kirschner, Tim Mitchison, David Orrell, Guido Caldarelli, Pyotr Anokhin, Simona Poustilnik, Ruedi Aebersold, Raul Rabadan, Alan Aderem, Joost Schymkowitz, Dirk Inzé, Vamsi Mootha, Hiroaki Kitano, Pamela Silver. Excerpt: Humberto Maturana (born September 14, 1928, in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean biologist and philosopher. He is considered a member of the second wave of cybernetics, known for developing a theory of autopoiesis about the nature of reflexive feedback control in living systems. After completing secondary school at the Liceo Manuel de Salas in 1947, Maturana enrolled at the University of Chile, studying first medicine then biology. In 1954, he obtained a scholarship from the Rockefeller Foundation to study anatomy and neurophysiology at University College London. He obtained a PhD in biology from Harvard University in 1958. He works in neuroscience at the University of Chile, in the research center "Biología del Conocer" (Biology of Knowledge). Maturana's work has been developed and integrated into the work on Ontological coaching done by Fernando Flores and Julio Olalla. As of the year 2000, professor Maturana established his own reflection and research center: the Instituto de Formación Matriztica. Maturana's work extends to philosophy and cognitive science and even to family therapy. He was early inspired by the work of the biologist Jakob von Uexküll. Maturana and his student Francisco Varela were the first to define and employ the concept of autopoiesis. Aside from making important contributions to the field of evolution, Maturana is also a founder of constructivist epistemology or radical constructivism, an epistemology built upon empirical findings of neurobiology. Maturana and Varela wrote in their Santiago Theory of Cognition: "Living systems are cognitive systems, and living as a process is a process of cognition. This statement is valid for all organisms, with or without a nervous system." At the Instituto de Formación Matríztica Maturana has contributed extensively to the Biology of knowledge and the biology of loving. At this point, Maturana has formulated new perspectives about human life and continues to do so. Psychology, the use of language, experience,