Memory Processes

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 202. Chapters: Mnemonic, Forgetting curve, Declarative memory, Short-term memory, Long-term memory, Déjà vu, Working memory, Sleep and memory, Prospective memory, Fuzzy-trace theory, Recognition memory, Procedural memory, Improving memory, Recall, Neuroplasticity, Autobiographical memory, Semantic memory, Context-dependent memory, Motivated forgetting, Remember versus know judgements, Long-term depression, Memory for the future, Methods used to study memory, Retrospective memory, Emotion and memory, Encoding, Muscle memory, Reminiscence bump, Effects of alcohol on memory, Synaptic plasticity, Autism and working memory, Iconic memory, Interference theory, Flashback, Episodic memory, Levels-of-processing effect, Motor learning, Andriy Slyusarchuk, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Thought suppression, Baddeley's model of working memory, Eidetic memory, Memory-prediction framework, Cryptomnesia, Barrel cortex, Decay theory, Visual short term memory, Childhood amnesia, Echoic memory, Sensory memory, Memory inhibition, Working memory training, Atkinson¿Shiffrin memory model, Spike-timing-dependent plasticity, Confabulation, Chunking, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Serial position effect, Suspense, Hyperfocus, N-back, The Seven Sins of Memory, Memory span, Reading span task, Testing effect, Explicit memory, 1-2-AX working memory task, Carl Otto Reventlow, Irrelevant speech effect, Cue-dependent forgetting, Human memory process, Transfer-appropriate processing, Negative Transfer, Lateral intraparietal cortex, Sensory motor amnesia, Dual-task paradigm, Free recall, Verbal memory, Episodic learning, Concurrent overlap, Active recall, Storage, Memory augmentation. Excerpt: Working memory is the ability to actively hold information in the mind needed to do complex tasks such as reasoning, comprehension and learning. Working memory tasks are those that require the goal-oriented active monitoring or manipulation of information or behaviors in the face of interfering processes and distractions. The cognitive processes involved include the executive and attention control of short-term memory which provide for the interim integration, processing, disposal, and retrieval of information. Working memory is a theoretical concept central both to cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Theories exist both regarding the theoretical structure of working memory and the role of specific parts of the brain involved in working memory. Research identifies the frontal cortex, parietal cortex, anterior cingulate, and parts of the basal ganglia as crucial. The neural basis of working memory has been derived from lesion experiments in animals and functional imaging upon humans. The term "working memory" was coined by Miller, Galanter, and Pribram, and was used in the 1960s in the context of theories that likened the mind to a computer. Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) also used this term, "working memory" (p. 92) to describe their "short-term store." What we now call working memory was referred to as a "short-term store" or short-term memory, primary memory, immediate memory, operant memory, or provisional memory. Short-term memory is the ability to remember information over a brief period of time (in the order of seconds). Most theorists today use the concept of working memory to replace or include the older concept of short-term memory, thereby marking a stronger emphasis on the notion of manipulation of information instead of passive mainte...