Introduction, Pradeep A. Singh; Part I: Science, Technology, Environment and Society; 1. Mining the World's Rivers: Environmental and Social Impacts, and the Need for Sustainability, Mette Bendixen, Chris Hackney, Lars Lonsmann Iversen and Jim Best; 2. Emerging Technologies for Exploration and Independent Monitoring of Seafloor Extraction in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, Andrew Thaler; 3/ Developments and Future Technological Trends for Deep Seabed Mining, Nitin Agarwala; 4. Beyond Polarization of Science in Deep Sea Mining: Charting Constructive Engagement, Saleem Ali; 5. Science and Sensibility: The Relationship between Seabed Mineral Contractors and the Academic Community, Samantha Smith; Part II: Politics, Law and Governance; 6. The Geopolitics of Mineral Extraction in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, Pradeep A. Singh; 7. The Deep Seabed Mining Code and Agenda 2030, Ana Elizabeth Batista and Maria Sol Iniart; 8. The Continental Shelf Regime: Internationally Infused National Jurisdiction, Klaas Willaert; 9. Framework for Governance of Deep Seabed Mining Industry, Nitin Agarwala; Part III: Case Studies; 10, Toxic Elements in Hydrothermal Deposits on the Sea Floor: A Case Study at Okinawa Trough for Green Mining in the Future, Satoshi Murao, Chiho Sato and Kazuo Nakashima; 11. The Dead Sea's Minerals: The Blind Spot of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Apoli Bertrand Kameni; 12. Governing the Extractive Industry in the Extended Continental Shelf: Mauritius and Seychelles in the Mascarene Plateau,Siqhamo Yamkela Ntola.