Well suited to medium-scale general purpose computing, the Unix time sharing operating system is deservedly popular with academic institutions, research laboratories, and commercial establishments alike. Its user com munity, which until recently was made up mostly of experienced computer professionals, is now attracting many people concerned with computer applications rather than systems. Such people are mainly interested in putting Unix software to work effectively, hence need a good knowledge of its external characteristics but not of its internal structure. The present book is intended for this new audience, people who have never encountered the Unix system before but who do have some acquaintance with computing. While helping the beginning user get started is a primary aim of this book, it is also intended to serve as a handy reference subsequently. However, it is not intended to replace the definitive Unix system documen tation. The Unix operating system as it now exists at most installations (popularly, though somewhat inaccurately, called Version 7 Unix) is sub stantially as described by the Seventh Edition of the system manuals. This book emphasizes Version 7 and systems closely related to it, but it does also describe some other facilities in wide use. Many people have been instrumental in shaping this book and the author wishes to express his gratitude to them all. Particular thanks are due to David Lowther, for our many helpful discussions; and to the many students whose suggestions enlivened the task.
Reihe
Sprache
Verlagsort
Zielgruppe
Produkt-Hinweis
Illustrationen
black & white illustrations
Maße
Höhe: 23.5 cm
Breite: 15.5 cm
Dicke: 11 mm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-0-387-90906-6 (9780387909066)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4684-0182-0
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1. Introduction.- A Multimachine Operating System.- System Characteristics.- Portability.- Past and Future.- Ancient History.- The Modern Age.- Through a Glass Darkly.- Things to Read.- Typographic and Lexical Curios.- Using This Book.- 2. Getting Started.- Communicating with the System.- User Names and Numbers.- Logging In and Out.- The Terminal.- Typing at the Keyboard.- Running the System.- Commands.- Files and File Names.- Wild-Card File Names.- Writing and Running Programs.- Running Fortran Programs.- The ed Text Editor.- Creating and Modifying Text.- Sample Terminal Session.- 3. Files in the Unix System.- Logical Structure of Files.- Ordinary Disk Files.- Special Files.- Directories.- Directory Hierarchies.- File Names and Paths.- Changing Directories.- File Access Permissions.- Working with the File Structure.- The System Directory Structure.- Keeping Track of Directories.- Altering Access Permissions.- Moving and Removing Files.- File Location and Identification.- Removable File Volumes.- The mount and umount Commands.- Making New File Structures.- Restrictions on Removable Volumes.- Internal Structure of Files.- Logical and Physical Structure.- Sequential and Random Access.- Input-Output Buffering.- Archives and Libraries.- 4. The Command Shell.- Issuing Commands.- The Shell Prompt.- Form of Shell Commands.- Standard Files.- Multitasking and Waiting.- Pipes and Pipelines.- The Shell Programming Language.- Shell Procedures.- Parameter Passing.- Conditional Execution.- Input Handling by the Shell.- Input Buffering.- Errors and Error Correction.- Characters Given Special Treatment.- Argument Echoing.- Resetting Terminal Parameters.- 5. The System Kernel.- Nature of the Kernel.- Functions of the Kernel.- Kernel Structure.- Machine Primitives and System Calls.- System Calls.- Errors from System Calls.- Process Coordination and Management.- Process Initiation.- Memory Allocation.- Time and Resource Sharing.- fork, execI, and wait.- Input and Output Operations.- Device Independence.- First Level Interrupt Handling.- Special Files: Block and Character.- Physical Structure of Files.- System Calls for File Access.- Standard File Assignments.- File Identification.- 6. Facilities and Utilities.- Communications.- Mail Services.- Sending Mail.- Immediate Messages.- Two-Way Communication.- Avoiding Messages.- File Management.- Copying and Printing Files.- File Sorting.- Comparing Files.- Filtering Files.- Determining File Size.- Other General Utilities.- Timed Requests.- System Documentation.- The ASCII Character Set.- 7. Text Preparation and Processing.- Tools and Facilities.- Text Editors.- Text Processing Programs.- Using the ed Text Editor.- The Editing Buffer.- Line Numbers.- Editor Commands.- Pointer Manipulation and Text Examination.- Inserting, Appending, and Deleting Text.- String Searching and Replacing.- Cut and Paste Operations.- File Handling by the Editor.- The vi Screen Editor.- Window Display.- The Editing Cursor.- Editor Commands.- Inserting and Appending Text.- Text Deletions and Changes.- Starting and Stopping vi.- The nroff Text Formatter.- The nroff Command Language.- Filling and Adjusting.- Page Layout.- Defining and Using Macros.- Traps, Headers, and Page Numbers.- The -ms Macro Library.- Other Text Formatting Programs.- The troff Text Formatter.- Equation Processing with neqn.- Table Manipulation with tbI.- Spelling and Typographic Errors.- The Dictionary Check.- Typographical Errors.- 8. Languages and Compilers.- Programming Languages Available.- Structured Languages.- Fortran.- A Veritable Babel.- Fortran 77.- The f77 Fortran 77 Compiler.- Running Fortran Programs.- Textual Extensions to Fortran 77.- Extensions to Language Scope.- Fortran 77 Input and Output.- Fortran 77 Rule Violations.- Ratfor: A Rational Fortran.- The ratfor Preprocessor.- Program Text Formatting in Ratfor.- Statement Groups and if Statements.- Program Loops in Ratfor.- Text Insertions and Substitutions.- Ambiguity and Duplication.- Using ratfor.- Reverse Processing with struct.- The C Language.- General Characteristics of C.- Structure of C Programs.- Constants, Variables, and Pointers.- Arithmetic and Logical Operations.- Structures.- Input and Output with C.- The C Preprocessor.- Compiling, Assembling, and Loading.- The ld Loader.- The cc and f77 Commands.- The Process Option Hierarchy.- Program Archives.- Berkeley Pascal.- Structure of the Pascal System.- Interpreted Pascal.- Compiled Pascal.- Error Flagging.- Execution Profiling.- Program Tidying.- Basic.- Expressions, Names and Statements.- Running bas.- Assembler Language Programming.- The as Assembler.- 9. A Selected Command Set.- Definitions of Commands.- A Selected Command Set.- 10. Bibliography.- Books.- Articles.
