"Exercises and Discussion Topics" close each chapter.
Preface.
I.INTRODUCTION.
1.Utilization of Research Methodology in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
Questioning and Clinical Effectiveness.
Need for Systematic Observation in Answering Questions.
Satisfying the Need for Systematic Observation.
Questions and Answers.
Has the Need Been Met?
2.Research, Research Methodology, and the Clinician.
The Consumer Role.
The Producer, or Clinician-Investigator, Role.
Who Can be a Clinician-Investigator?
3.Asking/Answering Questions and the Scientific Method.
What Is the Scientific Method?
The Scientific Method as a Set of Rules for Asking and Answering Questions.
4.Literature Searching.
Literature Searching with Online, Interactive Computer-Based Information Retrieval Systems.
Literature Searching Using Abstracts Journals.
II.ASKING AND ANSWERING QUESTIONS.
5.Choosing a Research Project: Asking Questions That Are Both Relevant and Answerable.
Generating Relevant Questions for Research.
Structuring Research Questions to Make Them Answerable.
6.Single Subject and Group Designs.
Terminology Used for Describing Group and Single Subject Research Designs.
Differences Between Single Subject and Group Designs.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Design.
Categories of Single Subject Designs.
Categories of Group Designs.
Which Type of Design Should You Use?
7.Types of Data.
What Are Data?
Qualitative and Quantitative Data.
Measurement-Related Properties of Quantitative Data.
8.Strategies for Generating Data.
Role of the Observer in the Data Generating Process.
Strategies That Utilize an Instrument to Supplement Observer Judgment.
Strategies That Rely Primarily on Observer Judgment: Psychological Scaling Methods.
Strategies That Rely Primarily on Observer Judgment: Observation with Systematic Classification.
9.Organizing Data for Answering Questions: I. Descriptive Techniques.
Strategies for Organizing Qualitative Data for Answering Questions.
Strategies for Organizing and Summarizing Quantitative Data for Answering Questions.
10.Organizing Data for Answering Questions: II. Inferential Techniques for Group Designs.
Significance Tests.
Confidence Intervals.
Other Inferential Statistical Techniques.
11.Organizing Data for Answering Questions: III. Inferential Techniques for Single Subject Designs.
Visual Analysis ("Eyeballing") of Graphic Data.
Time-Series Analysis.
Sequential Analysis Using Markov Chains.
Randomization Tests.
Generalizations from Answers.
12.Evaluating Answers to Questions and Interpretations Made of Them.
Factors to Consider When Evaluating Answers.
Criteria for Evaluating Validity, Reliability, and Generality.
Checklist for Evaluating the Validity, Reliability, and Generality of Observations.
13.Communicating Questions, Answers, and Interpretations.
Modes for Disseminating Research Findings.
Objectives of Scientific Communication.
Organization of Written Research Reports.
Organization of Oral Presentations.
Preparation of Written and Oral Reports.
Locating Journals and Meetings for Disseminating Your Questions, Answers, and Interpretations.
Editorial Processing of Manuscripts.
Evaluation Checklist for Quality of Communication.
III.CLINICAL ISSUES.
14.Documenting Intervention.
Questions for Assessing an Intervention Strategy.
Research Methodology for Assessing Intervention Strategies and Outcomes.
Evaluation Checklist for Assessing the Adequacy of Therapy Outcome Research.
15.Legal and Ethical Considerations in Clinical Research.
Need for Protecting Research Subjects.
Informed Consent as a Vehicle for Protecting Investigators and Institutions.
Legal-Ethical Implications of the Therapeutic-Nontherapeutic Continuum in Clinical Research.
Documenting a Person's Informed Consent to Serve as a Research Subject.
Utilization of Data from Research in Which Subjects Were Abused.
16.Conducting and Funding Research in a Clinical Setting.
Securing Administrative Support.
Preparing a Research Proposal.
Research Funding.
Use of Consultants.
17.Cultural Considerations in the Design and Interpretation of Clinical Research.
Implications for Questions to Ask.
Implications for Answering Questions.
Appendix A: Selected Descriptive and Inferential Statistics: Computational Formulas with Worked Examples, MINITAB Commands, and Exercises.
Appendix B: 3,500 Computer-Generated Random Digits.
Appendix C: Methodological Considerations When Quantifying Attributes of Speech, Language, and Hearing Using Psychological Scaling Methods.
Appendix D: Representative Regulations Governing the Use of Human Subjects.
Glossary.
References.
Author Index.
Subject Index.
