OpenGL is a powerful software interface used to produce high-quality, computer-generated images and interactive applications using 2D and 3D objects, bitmaps, and color images.
The OpenGL (R)Programming Guide, Seventh Edition, provides definitive and comprehensive information on OpenGL and the OpenGL Utility Library. The previous edition covered OpenGL through Version 2.1. This seventh edition of the best-selling "red book" describes the latest features of OpenGL Versions 3.0 and 3.1. You will find clear explanations of OpenGL functionality and many basic computer graphics techniques, such as building and rendering 3D models; interactively viewing objects from different perspective points; and using shading, lighting, and texturing effects for greater realism. In addition, this book provides in-depth coverage of advanced techniques, including texture mapping, antialiasing, fog and atmospheric effects, NURBS, image processing, and more. The text also explores other key topics such as enhancing performance, OpenGL extensions, and cross-platform techniques.
This seventh edition has been updated to include the newest features of OpenGL Versions 3.0 and 3.1, including
Using framebuffer objects for off-screen rendering and texture updates
Examples of the various new buffer object types, including uniform-buffer objects, transform feedback buffers, and vertex array objects
Using texture arrays to increase performance when using numerous textures
Efficient rendering using primitive restart and conditional rendering
Discussion of OpenGL's deprecation mechanism and how to verify your programs for future versions of OpenGL
This edition continues the discussion of the OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) and explains the mechanics of using this language to create complex graphics effects and boost the computational power of OpenGL. The OpenGL Technical Library provides tutorial and reference books for OpenGL. The Library enables programmers to gain a practical understanding of OpenGL and shows them how to unlock its full potential. Originally developed by SGI, the Library continues to evolve under the auspices of the Khronos OpenGL ARB Working Group, an industry consortium responsible for guiding the evolution of OpenGL and related technologies.
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Für höhere Schule und Studium
Maße
Höhe: 192 mm
Breite: 221 mm
Dicke: 53 mm
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ISBN-13
978-0-321-55262-4 (9780321552624)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Dave Shreiner, director of graphics technology at ARM, Inc., was a longtime member of the core OpenGL team at SGI. He authored the first commercial OpenGL training course and has been developing computer graphics applications for more than two decades. Dave regularly presents at SIGGRAPH and other conferences worldwide. He is coauthor of the OpenGL ES 2.0 Programming Guide (Addison-Wesley, 2009) and the OpenGL (R) Reference Manual (Addison-Wesley, 2004), and is series editor for Addison-Wesley's OpenGL Series.
Figuresxxi
Tablesxxv
Examplesxxix
About This Guidexxxv
Acknowledgments xlv
Chapter1: Introduction to OpenGL 1
What Is OpenGL? 2
A Smidgen of OpenGL Code 5
OpenGL Command Syntax 7
OpenGL as a State Machine 9
OpenGL Rendering Pipeline 10
OpenGL-Related Libraries 14
Animation 22
OpenGL and Its Deprecation Mechanism 27
Chapter 2: State Management and Drawing Geometric Objects 31
A Drawing Survival Kit 34
Describing Points, Lines, and Polygons 42
Basic State Management 53
Displaying Points, Lines, and Polygons 55
Normal Vectors 68
Vertex Arrays 70
Buffer Objects 91
Vertex-Array Objects 104
Attribute Groups 110
Some Hints for Building Polygonal Models of Surfaces 113
Chapter 3: Viewing 123
Overview: The Camera Analogy 126
Viewing and Modeling Transformations 137
Projection Transformations 152
Viewport Transformation 158
Troubleshooting Transformations 162
Manipulating the Matrix Stacks 164
Additional Clipping Planes 168
Examples of Composing Several Transformations 172
Reversing or Mimicking Transformations 179
Chapter 4: Color 185
Color Perception 186
Computer Color 188
RGBA versus Color-Index Mode 190
Specifying a Color and a Shading Model 196
Chapter 5: Lighting 203
A Hidden-Surface Removal Survival Kit 205
Real-World and OpenGL Lighting 207
A Simple Example: Rendering a Lit Sphere 210
Creating Light Sources 214
Selecting a Lighting Model 227
Defining Material Properties 231
The Mathematics of Lighting 240
Lighting in Color-Index Mode 246
Chapter 6: Blending, Antialiasing, Fog, and Polygon Offset 249
Blending 251
Antialiasing 267
Fog 280
Point Parameters 291
Polygon Offset 293
Chapter 7: Display Lists 297
Why Use Display Lists? 298
An Example of Using a Display List 299
Display List Design Philosophy 302
Creating and Executing a Display List 305
Executing Multiple Display Lists 312
Managing State Variables with Display Lists 318
Chapter 8: Drawing Pixels, Bitmaps, Fonts, and Images 321
Bitmaps and Fonts 323
Images 333
Imaging Pipeline 343
Reading and Drawing Pixel Rectangles 359
Using Buffer Objects with Pixel Rectangle Data 362
Tips for Improving Pixel Drawing Rates 366
Imaging Subset 367
Chapter 9: Texture Mapping 389
An Overview and an Example 395
Specifying the Texture 400
Filtering 434
Texture Objects 437
Texture Functions 444
Assigning Texture Coordinates 448
Automatic Texture-Coordinate Generation 457
Multitexturing 467
Texture Combiner Functions 472
Applying Secondary Color after Texturing 478
Point Sprites 479
The Texture Matrix Stack 481
Depth Textures 483
Chapter 10: The Framebuffer 489
Buffers and Their Uses 492
Testing and Operating on Fragments 501
The Accumulation Buffer 518
Framebuffer Objects 526
Chapter 11: Tessellators and Quadrics 541
Polygon Tessellation 542
Quadrics: Rendering Spheres, Cylinders, and Disks 559
Chapter 12: Evaluators and NURBS 569
Prerequisites 571
Evaluators 572
The GLU NURBS Interface 586
Chapter 13: Selection and Feedback 605
Selection 606
Feedback 627
Chapter 14: Now That You Know 635
Error Handling 637
Which Version Am I Using? 639
Extensions to the Standard 641
Cheesy Translucency 644
An Easy Fade Effect 645
Object Selection Using the Back Buffer 646
Cheap Image Transformation 647
Displaying Layers 649
Antialiased Characters 650
Drawing Round Points 653
Interpolating Images 653
Making Decals 653
Drawing Filled, Concave Polygons Using the Stencil Buffer 655
Finding Interference Regions 656
Shadows 658
Hidden-Line Removal 659
Texture Mapping Applications 661
Drawing Depth-Buffered Images 662
Dirichlet Domains 662
Life in the Stencil Buffer 664
Alternative Uses for glDrawPixels() and glCopyPixels() 665
Chapter 15: The OpenGL Shading Language 667
The OpenGL Graphics Pipeline and Programmable Shading 668
Using GLSL Shaders 672
The OpenGL Shading Language 681
Creating Shaders with GLSL 681
Uniform Blocks 692
Accessing Texture Maps in Shaders 707
Shader Preprocessor 711
Extension Processing in Shaders 714
Vertex Shader Specifics 715
Transform Feedback 722
Fragment Shader Specifics 727
Appendix A: Basics of GLUT: The OpenGL Utility Toolkit 731
Initializing and Creating a Window 732
Handling Window and Input Events 733
Loading the Color Map 735
Initializing and Drawing Three-Dimensional Objects 735
Managing a Background Process 736
Running the Program 737
Appendix B: State Variables 739
The Query Commands 740
OpenGL State Variables 743
Appendix C: Homogeneous Coordinates and Transformation Matrices 803
Homogeneous Coordinates 804
Transformation Matrices 805
Appendix D: OpenGL and Window Systems 809
Accessing New OpenGL Functions 810
GLX: OpenGL Extension for the X Window System 812
AGL: OpenGL Extensions for the Apple Macintosh 819
WGL: OpenGL Extension for Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT/ME/2000/XP 824
Glossary 831
Index 857
The following appendices are available online at http://www.opengl-redbook.com/appendices/.
Appendix E: Order of Operations
Appendix F: Programming Tips
Appendix G: OpenGL Invariance
Appendix H: Calculating Normal Vectors
Appendix I: Built-In OpenGL Shading Language Variables and Functions
Appendix J: Floating-Point Formats for Textures, Framebuffers, and Renderbuffers
Appendix K: RGTC Compressed Texture Format
Appendix L: std140 Uniform Buffer Layout
