Part 1: From political economy to neoclassicism and back; analytical political economy - three views - neo-Ricardianism, fundamental Marxists, analytical Marxism; questions of method. Part 2 The basics: the capital controversies - the reswitching debate, the aggregate neoclassical model, the impossibility of measuring capital, denying the neoclassical parables - reswitching, politics and the distribution of income, implications for economic geography; the value controversies - commodities and their value, embodied labour values, the labour theory of value, further concepts, labour values vis-a-vis exchange values, does joint production imply negative labour values?, qualitative arguments for a labour theory of value, geographical implications - defining regions. Part 3 The profit maximizing space economy: production prices in a competitive space economy - the price circuit, incorporating production and circulation time; reswitching in a space economy - an example of reswitching, intra-regional location and reswitching, inconsistencies in neoclassical economic geography; incorporating natural resources - rent theory - nature and scarcity, rent and scarcity within political economy - two views, transport costs, multi-commodity production and differential rent, differential rent and non-land resource sites, absolute/monopoly rent; the city - incorporating the built environment - the theoretical context, the intra-urban location of production, the built environment as fixed capital, residential location, wages, rationality and class conflict - some reconsiderations; the labour value circuit - the geography of labour value and exploitation, unequal exchange and regional development; the quantity circuit and capital accumulation - the geography of production under dynamic equilibrium, incorporating workers' savings and capitalists' luxuries, the instability of dynamic equilibrium. Part 4 Disequilibrium - contradiction and struggle: class and space - class-in-itself and class-for-itself, class-in-itself, class-for-itself; location and inter-class conflict - workers vs capitalists, workers vs landlords, capitalists vs landlords; location and intra-class conflict - unintended consequences and intra-class conflict, intra-class conflict among capitalists, intra-class conflict among workers, intra-class conflict among landlords; strategies for reducing production costs - cost reduction strategies, fixed costs, reducing circulation time; strategies for organizational restructuring - oligopoly and the rate of profit, the organization of production, investment strategies.
