Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations A. Introduction (i) General Overview (ii) The Purpose of the Study (iii) Why the Choice of Sierra Leone's Mining Industry (iv) Methodology Chapter 1 Extra Legal Factors of Mining in Sierra Leone 1:1 Introduction 1:2 Sierra Leone's Terrain and Minerals Potential 1:3 The Place of Minerals in the Economy 1:3:1 1920s-1990s Developments 1:3:2 Mining and Politics 1:3:3 The International Dimension 1:3:4 Highlights of Social and Environmental Impacts Social Aspects of Mining Environmental Impacts 1:4. Mining, Economic Growth and Economic Development 1:5 Current Mining Trends Conclusion Chapter 2 Sustainable Development in International Law 2:1 Introduction Part A 2:2 Review of Evolution, Definition and Legal Aspects of the Concept of Sustainable Development 2:3 Sustainable Development: Formulation, Definition and Meaning 2:3:1 Overcoming the scepticism in the Rio Formulation 2:3:2 Dealing with the Definitional Question 2:3:3 Sourcing a Workable Interpretation and Practical Meaning 2:4 Legal Character of Sustainable Development 2:4:1 Legal Nature: Legality and Obligation 2:4:2 Legal Status: Legality Through Usage or Recognition 2:4:3 Legal Effects: Legality by Transposition or Application 2:5 Other Developments on the Concept Since Rio 2:5:1The ICED (Draft) 2:5:2 The ILA New Delhi Declaration 2:5:3 The Johannesburg Summit Agenda for Sustainable Development Part B 2:6 National Implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development 2:6:1 Design for Domestic Adaptation and Implementation Localisation: Nationalising the Concept Legalisation: Legislation, Regulation, Enforcement and Compliance Institutionalisation Conclusion Chapter 3: Elaboration of Aspects of Sustainable Development Most Relevant To the Environment 3:1 Introduction 3:2 Principles Relevant for Sustainable Development Activities 3:2:1 Environmental Protection 3:2:2 Integration of Environment and Development 3:2:3 Intergenerational Equity 3:2:4 Intragenerational Equity 3:2:5 Sustainable Utilisation or Employment of Natural Resources 3:2:6 Polluter-Pays Principle 3:2:7 Precautionary Principle 3:2:8 Environmental Impact Assessment 3:2:9 Public Participation Conclusion Chapter 4 Sustainable Development and Mining 4:1 Introduction Part A 4:2 Applicability of the Concept of Sustainable Development to Mining 4:3 Principles of Sustainable Development in Mining 4:3:1 Protection of the Mining Environment 4:3:2 Securing the Interests of Present and Future Generations in Mining 4:3:3 Recognising 'Integration', 'Polluter-Pays' and 'Precautionary' Principles 4:3:4 EIA: Prerequisite for Mineral Developments 4:3:5 Defining a Role for the Public in Mining 4:3:6 Sustainable Use of Resources in Mineral Production Processes Part B 4:4 Summary of the Components of Sustainable Development Identified Generally in International Law, and Specifically in Relation to Mining Conclusion Chapter 5 Sustainability in Mining Laws of Sierra Leone 5:1 Introduction Part A 5:2 The Minerals Act, Environmental Provisions and Sustainability Conclusion Part B 5:3 Mining Agreements and Environmental Regulation 5:3:1The Rutile Agreement 5:3:2 The Diamond Agreement Conclusion Part C 5:4 The Environment in Petroleum Development 5:4:1 The Petroleum Legislation in sustainability Perspective 5:4:2 The Model Petroleum Agreement of Sierra Leone Modeling Sustainable Development Conclusion Chapter 6: Promoting Sustainable Development in Mining Through other Legal Controls 6:1 Introduction Part A: Laws Specially Designed in Environmental Protection 6:2 The EPA: Structure and Nature of Environmental Protection 6:2:1 Protection through Formal EIA Procedure The EIA Statement Requirements for Public Participation Determination of the Environmental Statement 'EIA Licenses' As Mechanism of Environmental Regulation 6:2:2 Protective Provisions outside the EIA Process 6:3 Environmental Protection through Nature Conservation 6:3:1 The Nature of Protection 6:3:2 Mechanism of Control 6:4 Forest Protection Efforts and Mining 6:5 Protection Objectives and Management Control Conclusions Part B: Other Sectoral Regimes and Sustainability Issues in Mining 6:6 Environmental Protection through the Law of Planning 6:7 Public Health in the Mining Environment 6:8 Regulating Water Resources in Mining for Sustainability Conclusion Chapter 7: Implementation of Sustainable Development in Mining 7:1 Introduction 7:2 Localisation of Sustainable Development 7:2:1 Review and Analyses of Policy Frameworks 'Environment' in Mining Policy Environmental Policies The Constitution and Sustainability Other Sectoral Environmental Policy Commitments 7:2:2 Ensuring Progressive Implementation of Policy and Legal Objectives of Sustainable Development 7:2:3 Measurable Outcomes 7:2:4 Some General Policy, Decision-making and Sectoral Concerns 7:2:5 Facilitating Participation of Interest Groups Sectoral Administrations Local Communities NGOs and other Interest Groups Corporate Entities (iv)(a) Corporate Participation as Responsibility 7:3 Legalisation: Consolidating Sustainable Development Within the National Legal system 7:3:1 National Laws Review of Legislations Enforcement Judicial Processes Adjudicatory or Deliberative Processes 7:3:2 International Laws The Convention on Biological Diversity Analyses of Relevant Convention Obligations and Implementation The 1971 Ramsar Convention 7:4 Institutionalisation: Strengthening Institutional Structures to Adapt Sustainability Goals 7:4:1 The Environmental Department 7:4:2 Institutional Weaknesses Conclusion Chapter 8: General Conclusion Bibliography List of Cases List of Treaties and International Instruments List of National Instruments List of Field Trips List of Interviews
