Disorders of water metabolism; renal sodium excretion, edematous disorders and diuretic uses; pathogenesis and management of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis; pathogenesis and management of respiratory and mixed acid-base disorders; disorders of potassium metabolism; disorders of calcium, phosphorux, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone activity; normal and abnormal magnesium metabolism; disorders of the renin-angtiotensin-aldosterone system; the kidney in hypertension; acute renal failure - pathogenesis, diagnosis and management; chronic renal failure - manifestations and pathogenesis; obstructive nephropathy - pathophysiology and management; renal function in pregnancy; proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome; the glomerulopathies.