... Preface and Acknowledgements ... 19
... Introduction ... 21
... Proactive Performance Management ... 21
... Current Developments ... 24
... About This Book ... 27
1 ... Performance Management of an SAP Solution ... 35
1.1 ... SAP Solution Architecture ... 36
1.2 ... Monitoring and Optimization Plan for an SAP Solution ... 52
1.3 ... Summary ... 73
2 ... Analysis of Hardware, Database, and ABAP Application Server ... 77
2.1 ... Basic Terms ... 78
2.2 ... Hardware Monitoring ... 79
2.3 ... Database Monitoring ... 91
2.4 ... Analyzing SAP Memory Configuration ... 113
2.5 ... Analyzing SAP Work Processes ... 122
2.6 ... Analysis of the Internet Communication Manager ... 131
2.7 ... Summary ... 132
2.8 ... Questions ... 133
3 ... Workload Analysis ... 135
3.1 ... Basics of Workload Analysis and Runtime Analysis ... 136
3.2 ... Workload Monitor ... 138
3.3 ... Workload Analysis ... 142
3.4 ... Performing Workload Analyses ... 151
3.5 ... Single-Record Statistics ... 161
3.6 ... End-to-End Workload Analysis ... 166
3.7 ... Summary ... 180
3.8 ... Questions ... 182
4 ... Hardware Sizing and Component Distribution ... 185
4.1 ... Initial Hardware Sizing ... 186
4.2 ... Sizing to Deal with Increased Workload, Change of Release, or Migration ... 206
4.3 ... Planning the System Landscape ... 217
4.4 ... Summary ... 225
4.5 ... Questions ... 225
5 ... Optimization of ABAP Programs ... 227
5.1 ... Performance Trace ... 227
5.2 ... Performance Analysis with ABAP Trace (Runtime Analysis) ... 240
5.3 ... Analyzing Memory Usage with ABAP Debugger and in the Memory Inspector ... 249
5.4 ... Code Inspector ... 252
5.5 ... Tips and Tricks for High-Performance ABAP Programs ... 254
5.6 ... Summary ... 260
5.7 ... Questions ... 261
6 ... Memory Management ... 263
6.1 ... Memory Management Fundamentals ... 263
6.2 ... Configuring and Monitoring Memory Areas ... 279
6.3 ... Summary ... 292
6.4 ... Questions ... 294
7 ... Load Distribution, Remote Function Calls, and SAP GUI ... 297
7.1 ... Services of SAP NetWeaver Application Server ... 298
7.2 ... Load Distribution within the ABAP Instances ... 301
7.3 ... Remote Function Calls ... 323
7.4 ... SAP Graphical User Interface ... 344
7.5 ... Summary ... 352
7.6 ... Questions ... 355
8 ... Internet Connection and SAP Fiori ... 357
8.1 ... SAP Web Applications ... 358
8.2 ... Analyses on the Presentation Server ... 362
8.3 ... Buffering of Web Documents ... 370
8.4 ... Performance Analysis of Web Applications on SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP ... 376
8.5 ... BSPs, Web Dynpro for ABAP, and Integrated ITS ... 381
8.6 ... SAP Fiori, SAPUI5, and OData Services ... 386
8.7 ... Conclusion ... 402
8.8 ... Questions ... 403
9 ... Optimizing Java Programs ... 405
9.1 ... Garbage Collection ... 407
9.2 ... Just-in-Time Compiler ... 413
9.3 ... SAP Management Console ... 415
9.4 ... SAP Java Virtual Machine Profiler ... 417
9.5 ... Memory Analyzer ... 443
9.6 ... Other Tools for Performance Analysis on the SAP NetWeaver AS Java ... 446
9.7 ... Summary ... 448
9.8 ... Questions ... 449
10 ... Locks ... 451
10.1 ... Lock Concepts of Database System and SAP System ... 452
10.2 ... Monitoring Locks ... 457
10.3 ... Number Range Buffering ... 466
10.4 ... Locking with Quantities and the Available-to-Promise Server ... 473
10.5 ... Summary ... 479
10.6 ... Questions ... 479
11 ... Optimizing SQL Statements ... 481
11.1 ... Identifying and Analyzing Expensive SQL Statements ... 483
11.2 ... Optimizing SQL Statements in Programs ... 490
11.3 ... Optimizing SQL Statements through Secondary Indexes ... 511
11.4 ... Summary ... 537
11.5 ... Questions ... 539
12 ... SAP Buffering ... 543
12.1 ... Table Buffering Fundamentals ... 545
12.2 ... Monitoring Table Buffering on the ABAP Server ... 557
12.3 ... Monitoring Object-Oriented Application Buffers ... 574
12.4 ... Summary ... 580
12.5 ... Questions ... 581
13 ... Optimizing Database Queries with SAP HANA ... 583
13.1 ... Basic Principles of the Main Memory Database in SAP HANA ... 585
13.2 ... Architecture of SAP HANA ... 598
13.3 ... Data Modeling from a Performance View ... 601
13.4 ... SAP HANA Administration Tools for Performance Optimization ... 614
13.5 ... Technical Optimization Options in Detail ... 651
13.6 ... Summary ... 691
13.7 ... Questions ... 693
14 ... Optimizing Queries in SAP Business Warehouse ... 695
14.1 ... Fundamentals of SAP Business Warehouse ... 696
14.2 ... SAP BW Administration Tools for Performance Optimization ... 721
14.3 ... Technical Optimization Options in Detail ... 730
14.4 ... Summary ... 757
14.5 ... Questions ... 759
... Appendices ... 761
A ... Database Monitors ... 763
B ... Important Transaction Codes ... 825
C ... Review Questions and Answers ... 831
D ... Glossary ... 837
E ... Information Sources ... 849
F ... The Author ... 871
... Index ... 873
