Introduction. Compliance in Epilepsy (D. Schmidt and I.E. Leppik). The Scope of the Problem. Chapter 1. Denial, delay and disappointment: discovering and overcoming the causes of drug errors and missed appointments (L.W. Green and D. Simons-Morton). Chapter 2. Compliance in children and adults: review of studies (J.T. Shope). The Patient's Perspective. Chapter 3. Compliance - a joint effort of the patient and his doctor (M. Feuerstein, V. Lieb-Juckstock, H. Schnaus, E. Springmann, B. Weber and M. Wunderlich). Chapter 4. Doctors' orders and patients' self-interest: two views of medication usage? (J. Trostle). Chapter 5. Psychological aspects of non-compliance (P.J. Thompson). Measurement of Compliance. Chapter 6. Measurement of complicance through patient interviews (R. Thorbecke). Chapter 7. Variability of phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate concentrations in a clinic population (I.E. Leppik). Chapter 8. Compliant populations: variability in serum concentrations (N.M. Graves, G.B. Holmes and I.E. Leppik). Chapter 9. Pharmacokinetics and medication compliance (J. Cloyd). Relevance of Compliance. Chapter 10. Aspects of compliance: taking drugs and keeping clinic appointments (R.H. Mattson, J.A. Cramer, J.F. Collins and the VA Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group). Chapter 11. Patients with epilepsy who discontinue treatment (R. Thorbecke). Chapter 12. Compliance in clinical trials: impact on design, analyses and interpretation (G.W. Pledger). Chapter 13. Determinants of compliance in epileptic patients (P. Loiseau and C. Marchal). Chapter 14. Relevance of poor compliance for seizure control (D. Schmidt, R. Reininghaus and R. Winkel). Chapter 15. Compliance in epileptic children in Japan (T. Kurokawa, T. Minami, I. Kitamoto, Y. Mizuno, Y. Maeda and S. Takaki). Chapter 16. Self-induction of seizures: the ultimate non-compliance (C.D. Binnie). Chapter 17. Psychogenic seizures: a complication of compliance in epileptic patients. Two illustrative case reports (T. Damaschke). Strategies to Improve Compliance. Chapter 18. Strategies to enhance adherence to a medical regimen (J.A. Cramer and M.L. Russell). Consensus Statement. Chapter 19. Consensus statement on compliance in epilepsy (I.E. Leppik and D. Schmidt).