Part 1 Legal and institutional framework: issues, concepts and definitions - the environmental challenge, science and economics, the international legal order, the environment and environmental law; history - early fisheries to the United Nations (1945), the creation of the United Nations to Stockholm (1972), 1972 to 1992 - from Stockholm to Rio, UNCED, beyond UNCED; governance: states, international organizations and non-governmental actors - states, international organizations; international law-making and regulation - treaties, other international acts, customary international law, general principles of international law, subsidiary sources, introduction to regulatory approaches, direct regulation (command and control), economic instruments, integrated pollution control; compliance - implementation, enforcement, dispute settlement, UNCED. PArt 2 Principles and rules establishing standards: pronciples and rules of general application - sovereignty over natural resources and the responsibility not to cause environmental damage (Principle 21? priciple 2), principle of preventive action, good neighbourliness and international co-operation, sustainable development, precautionary principle, polluter pays principle, principle of common but differentiated responsibility, international human rights protection, war and armed conflict; atmosphere; oceans and seas; freshwatter; biological diversity; hazardous substances and activities; waste; polar regions - antarctic and arctic; European Community. PArt 3 Techniques for implementing international principles and rules: environmental impact assessment; environmental information; liability and compensation for environmental damage; international trade and competition; financial resources, technology and intellectual property. (Part contents).
