Separation methods: chromatography - general aspects; gas phase chromatography; high performance liquid chromatography; ion chromatography; planar chromatography; supercritical fluid chromatography; size Exclusion chromatography; capillary electrophoresis. Spectral methods: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy; ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy; fluorometry; x-ray fluorescence spectrometry; atomic absorption and flame emission; atomic emission spectrometry. Other methods: mass spectrometry; radiochemical methods; potentiometric methods; voltammetric and coulometric methods; sample preparation; basic statistical parameters.