LPIC-2 Cert Guide (201-400 and 202-400 Exams) is a best-of-breed exam study guide. Expert Linux/Unix instructor William "Bo" Rothwell shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. Material is presented in a concise manner, focusing on increasing your understanding and retention of exam topics.
The book presents you with an organized test preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly. Review questions help you assess your knowledge, and a final preparation chapter guides you through tools and resources to help you craft your final study plan.
You get access to the powerful Pearson IT Certification Practice Test engine, complete with hundreds of exam-realistic questions. The assessment engine offers you a wealth of customization options and reporting features, laying out a complete assessment of your knowledge to help you focus your study where it is needed most.
Well-regarded for its level of detail, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that will allow you to succeed on the exam the first time. The study guide helps you master all the topics on both LPIC-2 exams, including:
Capacity planning
Managing the kernel
Managing system startup
Managing filesystems and devices
Administering advanced storage devices
Configuring the network
Performing system maintenance
Administering Domain Name Server (DNS)
Configuring web services
Administering file sharing
Managing network clients
Administering e-mail services
Administering system security
Learn, prepare, and practice for LPIC-2 201-400 and 202-400 exam success with this Cert Guide from Pearson IT Certification, a leader in IT Certification.
Master LPIC-2 Exam 201-400 and 202-400 exam topics
Assess your knowledge with chapter-ending quizzes
Review key concepts with exam preparation tasks
Practice with realistic exam questions
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Höhe: 231 mm
Breite: 196 mm
Dicke: 49 mm
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ISBN-13
978-0-7897-5714-2 (9780789757142)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
William "Bo" Rothwell At the impressionable age of 14, Bo crossed paths with a TRS-80 Micro Computer System (affectionately known as a "Trash 80"). Soon after, the adults responsible for Bo made the mistake of leaving him alone with the TRS-80. He immediately dismantled it and held his first computer class, showing his friends what made this "computer thing" work.
Since that experience, Bo's passion for understanding how computers work and sharing this knowledge with others has resulted in a rewarding career in IT training. His experience includes Linux, Unix, and programming languages such as Perl, Python, Tcl, and BASH. He is the founder and president of One Course Source, an IT training organization.
Introduction xxiii
Part I : Capacity Planning
Chapter 1 Measuring and Troubleshooting Resource Usage 3
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 3
Foundation Topics 6
Monitoring Your System 6
CPU Monitoring 7
Basic CPU Load Information 7
Detailed CPU Load Information 7
Memory Monitoring 10
Basic Memory Usage Information 10
Detailed Memory Usage Information 11
Disk I/O Monitoring 12
Listing Open Files 14
Network I/O Monitoring 17
Additional Monitoring Tools 18
Listing Processes 18
Displaying User Activity 21
Exam Preparation Tasks 22
Review All Key Topics 22
Define Key Terms 23
Review Questions 23
Part II: Managing the Kernel
Chapter 2 Predict Future Resource Needs 27
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 27
Foundation Topics 29
The collectd Daemon 29
Configuring collectd 29
Installing collectd 31
Monitoring Solutions 33
Nagios 33
MRTG 33
Cacti 33
sar 34
Further Considerations 34
OK, Now What? 34
Exam Preparation Tasks 36
Review All Key Topics 36
Define Key Terms 36
Review Questions 36
Chapter 3 Kernel Components and Compiling 41
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 41
Foundation Topics 43
Kernel Components 43
Kernel Documentation 43
Tweaking the Kernel 44
Kernel Images 45
Compiling the Kernel 46
Cleaning the Kernel 47
Create the Configuration File 48
Compiling the Kernel 55
Additional Make Targets 57
Exam Preparation Tasks 58
Review All Key Topics 58
Define Key Terms 58
Review Questions 58
Chapter 4 Kernel Runtime Management and Troubleshooting 63
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 63
Foundation Topics 65
Kernel Modules 65
Module Files 65
Listing Modules That Are Loaded 67
Loading Modules into Memory 68
Unloading Modules from Memory 71
Listing Modules Information 71
The /proc/sys Filesystem 73
Module Aliases 76
Displaying Hardware Information 77
The lspci Command 77
The lsdev Command 81
The lsusb Command 82
The udev System 85
Exam Preparation Tasks 87
Review All Key Topics 87
Define Key Terms 87
Review Questions 88
Part III: Managing System Startup
Chapter 5 Customizing SysV-init System Startup 91
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 91
Foundation Topics 93
The SysV-init Process 93
Understanding Runlevels 93
The /etc/inittab File 94
Boot Scripts 98
The /etc/init.d directory 101
Modifying Runlevels 101
The update-rc.d Command 102
The chkconfig Command 103
Switching Runlevels 104
Exam Preparation Tasks 105
Review All Key Topics 105
Define Key Terms 105
Review Questions 105
Chapter 6 Administrating System Recovery 109
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 109
Foundation Topics 111
Understanding the Boot Process 111
The BIOS/UEFI Phase 111
The Boot loader Phase 111
The Kernel Phase 112
The Post-Kernel Phase 113
GRUB 113
Legacy GRUB Configuration 114
Changing Legacy GRUB During Boot 117
Booting to Single User Mode in Legacy GRUB 120
Securing Legacy GRUB 122
GRUB 2 Configuration 125
Saving GRUB 2 Changes 127
GRUB 2 Titles 127
Booting to Single User Mode in GRUB 2 128
Securing GRUB 2 128
Fixing Filesystems 130
Exam Preparation Tasks 131
Review All Key Topics 131
Define Key Terms 131
Review Questions 132
Chapter 7 Alternate Boot Loaders 135
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 135
Foundation Topics 137
LILO 137
Configuring LILO 137
Booting LILO 140
Booting to Single User Mode 141
Additional Boot loaders 143
Understanding SYSLINUX 143
Understanding EXTLINUX 144
Understanding ISOLINUX 144
Understanding PXELINUX 145
Exam Preparation Tasks 147
Review All Key Topics 147
Define Key Terms 147
Review Questions 148
Part IV: Managing Filesystem and Devices
Chapter 8 Operating the Linux Filesystem 151
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 151
Foundation Topics 153
Filesystem Essentials 153
Filesystem Types 154
The umount Command 155
The mount Command 155
Mounting Filesystems Manually 158
Problems Unmounting Filesystems 159
Mounting Filesystems Automatically 160
Device Descriptors 162
Mount Options 163
Swap Space 166
Exam Preparation Tasks 167
Review All Key Topics 167
Define Key Terms 168
Review Questions 168
Chapter 9 Maintaining a Linux Filesystem 171
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 171
Foundation Topics 173
Filesystems Essentials 173
The ext2 Filesystem 173
The ext3 Filesystem 173
The ext4 Filesystem 174
The xfs Filesystem 175
The Btrfs Filesystem 175
Creating Filesystems 175
ext-Based Filesystem Tools 179
fsck.* 179
dumpe2fs 179
tune2fs 182
debugfs 182
xfs-Based Filesystem Tools 184
xfsdump and xfsrestore 184
xfs_info 187
xfs_check and xfs_repair 188
Creating Swap Devices 189
Monitoring SMART Devices 190
Exam Preparation Tasks 191
Review All Key Topics 191
Define Key Terms 192
Review Questions 192
Chapter 10 Creating and Configuring Filesystem Options 195
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 195
Foundation Topics 197
Removable Media Filesystems 197
HFS-Hierarchical File System 197
ISO9660 197
UDF 198
Creating Removable Media Filesystems 198
Encrypted Filesystems 201
Managing autofs 204
Exam Preparation Tasks 207
Review All Key Topics 207
Key Terms 208
Review Questions 208
Part V: Administrating Advanced Storage Device
Chapter 11 Configuring RAID 211
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 211
Foundation Topics 213
RAID Fundamentals 213
RAID Levels 213
RAID Device-Entire Drive or Partition? 219
Create a RAID Device 221
Managing RAID Devices 224
Exam Preparation Tasks 226
Review All Key Topics 226
Define Key Terms 227
Review Questions 227
Chapter 12 Adjusting Storage Device Access 231
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 231
Foundation Topics 233
DMA, hdparm, and sdparm 233
The hdparm Command 234
The sdparm Command 236
System Resources 237
Kernel Parameters 239
iSCSI 241
Target Configuration 242
Initiator Configuration 244
Exam Preparation Tasks 248
Review All Key Topics 248
Define Key Terms 248
Review Questions 249
Chapter 13 Logical Volume Manager 253
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 253
Foundation Topics 255
Logical Volume Manager Concepts 255
Advantages of LVM on a System with a Single Drive 257
LVM Essentials 258
Extents 259
Logical Volumes 262
Device Naming 263
Using Logical Volumes and Additional LVM Commands 264
Displaying LVM Information 265
Additional LVM Commands 268
Resizing Logical Volumes 271
LVM Snapshots 274
Exam Preparation Tasks 277
Review All Key Topics 277
Define Key Terms 278
Review Questions 278
Part VI: Confi guring the Network
Chapter 14 Basic Network Configuration 281
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 281
Foundation Topics 283
Ethernet Network Interfaces 283
The arp Command 286
The route Command 287
The ip Command 288
Access to Wireless Networks 290
The iwconfig Command 290
The iwlist Command 291
Exam Preparation Tasks 294
Review All Key Topics 294
Define Key Terms 294
Review Questions 295
Chapter 15 Advanced Network Configuration and Troubleshooting 299
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 299
Foundation Topics 301
The ping and nmap Commands 301
The nmap Command 302
The netstat, nc, and lsof Commands 307
The lsof Command 310
The nc Command 312
The tcpdump Command 313
Exam Preparation Tasks 315
Review All Key Topics 315
Define Key Terms 315
Review Questions 315
Chapter 16 Troubleshooting Network Issues 319
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 319
Foundation Topics 321
Network Configuration Files 321
The /etc/resolv.conf File 321
The /etc/hosts File 323
The Local Hostname 325
The /etc/network/interfaces File 326
The /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts Files 327
Network Troubleshooting 328
Log Files and Tools 328
The traceroute Command 330
The /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny Files 333
Additional Network Troubleshooting Commands 336
NetworkManager 337
Exam Preparation Tasks 339
Review All Key Topics 339
Define Key Terms 340
Review Questions 340
Part VII: Performing System Maintenance
Chapter 17 Make and Install Programs from Source 343
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 343
Foundation Topics 345
Securing and Unpacking Source Code 345
Downloading Source Code on RPM-Based Systems 345
Downloading Source Code on Debian-Based Systems 347
Downloading Source Code from Original Source 348
Unpacking the Source Code 349
Building and Installing from Source Code 350
Applying Patches 353
Exam Preparation Tasks 354
Review All Key Topics 354
Define Key Terms 355
Review Questions 355
Chapter 18 Backup Operations 359
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 359
Foundation Topics 361
Backup Strategy 361
What Needs to Be Backed Up? 361
How Often? 364
Full or Incremental? 364
Where Will the Backup Be Stored? 367
What Backup Tool Will Be Used? 367
Standard Backup Utilities 368
The dd Command 368
The tar Command 369
The rsync Command 373
Third-Party Backup Utilities 374
Amanda 374
Bacula 374
BackupPC 374
Exam Preparation Tasks 375
Review All Key Topics 375
Define Key Terms 375
Review Questions 375
Chapter 19 Notify Users on System-Related Issues 379
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 379
Foundation Topics 381
Pre- and Post-Login Messages 381
The /etc/issue File 381
The /etc/issue.net File 383
Additional Pre-Login Messages 385
The /etc/motd File 386
Broadcasting Messages 387
The wall Command 387
The shutdown Command 389
Exam Preparation Tasks 391
Review All Key Topics 391
Define Key Terms 391
Review Questions 391
Part VIII: Administrating Domain Name Server
Chapter 20 Basic DNS Server Configuration 395
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 395
Foundation Topics 397
DNS Essentials 397
Essential Terms 397
How Name Resolution Works 399
Basic BIND Configuration 403
The /etc/named.conf file 403
The allow-query Setting 406
Additional /etc/named.conf Settings 407
Essential BIND Commands 408
The rndc Command 408
The dig and host Commands 411
Exam Preparation Tasks 413
Review All Key Topics 413
Define Key Terms 413
Review Questions 414
Chapter 21 Create and Maintain DNS Zones 417
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 417
Foundation Topics 419
Zone Files 419
Zone File Basics 419
Zone File Entries in the /etc/named.conf File 420
Zone File Syntax 421
Zone Record Types 423
The SOA Record Type 423
The Address Record Type 425
The Canonical Name Type 425
The Name Server Record Type 426
The Mail eXchange Record Type 426
The PoinTeR Record Type 427
Putting It All Together 427
Testing the DNS Server 431
The dig Command 432
The nslookup and host Commands 433
Exam Preparation Tasks 434
Review All Key Topics 434
Define Key Terms 434
Review Questions 434
Chapter 22 Securing a DNS Server 439
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 439
Foundation Topics 441
Send BIND to Jail 441
Create the chroot Directory and Files 442
Configure Named to Started in the Jail 443
Split BIND Configuration 443
Transaction Signatures 446
The dnssec-keygen Command 447
The dnssec-signzone Command 448
Exam Preparation Tasks 449
Review All Key Topics 449
Define Key Terms 449
Review Questions 450
Part IX: Confi guring Web Services
Chapter 23 Implementing a Web Server 453
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 453
Foundation Topics 455
Basic Apache Web Server Configuration 456
Starting the Apache Web Server 457
Apache Web Server Log Files 458
Enable Scripting 459
Apache Web Server Security 463
Essential Settings 463
User Authentication 465
Virtual Hosts 466
Configuring IP-Based Virtual Hosts 466
Configuring Name-Based Virtual Hosts 467
Exam Preparation Tasks 468
Review All Key Topics 468
Define Key Terms 468
Review Questions 468
Chapter 24 Apache Configuration for HTTPS 473
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 473
Foundation Topics 475
SSL Essentials 475
SSL Issues 476
Self-Signing 477
SSL and Apache 477
SSL Server Certificate 478
Apache SSL Directives 484
Exam Preparation Tasks 486
Review All Key Topics 486
Define Key Terms 486
Review Questions 486
Chapter 25 Implementing a Proxy Server 489
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 489
Foundation Topics 491
Squid Basics 493
Squid Access Rules 494
Built-In acls 496
Understanding the Squid Rules 496
Nginx Configuration 497
Client Configuration 500
Exam Preparation Tasks 504
Review All Key Topics 504
Define Key Terms 504
Review Questions 504
Part X: Administrating File Sharing
Chapter 26 SAMBA Server Configuration 507
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 507
Foundation Topics 509
SAMBA Configuration 510
The [global] Section 511
The [homes] Section 512
The [printers] Section 513
Custom Shares 514
SAMBA Server 515
SAMBA Accounts 516
Mapping Local Accounts 517
Accessing SAMBA Servers 518
Mounting SAMBA Shares 520
Exam Preparation Tasks 521
Review All Key Topics 521
Define Key Terms 522
Review Questions 522
Chapter 27 NFS Server Configuration 525
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 525
Foundation Topics 527
Configuring an NFS Server 527
The /etc/exports File 527
User ID Mapping 529
NFS Server Processes 530
Understanding portmap 531
NFS Server Commands 533
Configuring an NFS Client 534
Review All Key Topics 536
Define Key Terms 537
Review Questions 537
Part XI: Managing Network Clients
Chapter 28 DHCP Configuration 541
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 541
Foundation Topics 543
DHCP Configuration Basics 543
The ddns-update-style and Ignore client-updates Directives 545
The Subnet Directive 545
Configuring Static Hosts 547
Configuring BOOTP Hosts 547
DHCP Log Files 548
Configuring a DHCP Relay Agent 549
Exam Preparation Tasks 550
Review All Key Topics 550
Define Key Terms 550
Review Questions 550
Chapter 29 PAM Authentication 555
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 555
Foundation Topics 557
PAM Configuration Basics 557
PAM Types 559
Control Values 562
PAM Modules 564
The pam_unix Module 565
The pam_cracklib Module 565
The pam_limits Module 566
The pam_listfile Module 568
Exam Preparation Tasks 569
Review All Key Topics 569
Define Key Terms 569
Review Questions 569
Chapter 30 Configuring an OpenLDAP Server 573
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 573
Foundation Topics 576
Key LDAP Terms 576
The slapd.conf File 579
Customize Your LDAP Domain 579
Configuring Logging 581
Configuring the Database Directory 582
Starting the LDAP Server 582
OpenLDAP Objects 584
OpenLDAP Schemas 584
OpenLDAP Database Changes 586
Exam Preparation Tasks 589
Review All Key Topics 589
Define Key Terms 589
Review Questions 590
Chapter 31 LDAP Client Usage 593
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 593
Foundation Topics 595
Using the ldapdelete Command 596
Using the ldapsearch Command 597
Using the ldappasswd Command 600
Exam Preparation Tasks 601
Review All Key Topics 601
Review Questions 601
Part XII: Administrating E-Mail Services
Chapter 32 Using E-mail Servers 605
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 605
Foundation Topics 607
SMTP Basics 607
Configuring Postfix 609
Postfix Configuration File 610
Important Postfix Settings 611
Aliases 612
Postfix Virtual Domains 614
sendmail and exim 614
Monitoring E-mail Servers 616
Exam Preparation Tasks 617
Review All Key Topics 617
Define Key Terms 617
Review Questions 618
Chapter 33 Managing Local E-mail Delivery 621
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 621
Foundation Topics 623
procmail Basics 623
procmail Rules 625
mbox and Maildir Formats 628
Exam Preparation Tasks 629
Review All Key Topics 629
Define Key Terms 629
Review Questions 630
Chapter 34 Managing Remote E-mail Delivery 633
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 633
Foundation Topics 635
IMAP and POP Essentials 635
The Courier Server 636
The /etc/courier/authdaemonrc File 638
The /etc/courier/imapd File 638
The /etc/courier/pop3d File 639
The Dovecot Server 639
Exam Preparation Tasks 643
Review All Key Topics 643
Define Key Terms 644
Review Questions 644
Part XIII: Administrating System Security
Chapter 35 Configuring a Router 647
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 647
Foundation Topics 649
Firewall Essentials 649
Targets 653
iptables Examples 653
rothwell.indb xviii 4/22/16 9:09 AM
Contents xix
Saving the Rules 656
Advanced iptables Features 657
Private Networks and NAT 658
Exam Preparation Tasks 659
Review All Key Topics 659
Define Key Terms 659
Review Questions 660
Chapter 36 Securing FTP Servers 663
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 663
Foundation Topics 665
Configuring vsftpd 665
Anonymous FTP 665
Limiting User Accounts 667
Additional Settings 669
Configuring Pure-FTPd 670
ProFTPd 670
Active versus Passive Mode 671
Exam Preparation Tasks 674
Review All Key Topics 674
Define Key Terms 674
Review Questions 675
Chapter 37 Secure Shell (SSH) 679
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 679
Foundation Topics 681
Configuring the Secure Shell Server 681
Basic Configuration Settings 681
Settings That Affect User Access 682
Secure Shell Client Commands 684
The ssh_config File 684
The ssh Command 685
The scp and sftp Commands 687
Advanced SSH Features 687
Passwordless Login 688
Exam Preparation Tasks 690
Review All Key Topics 690
Review Questions 690
Chapter 38 Security Tasks and OpenVPN 693
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 693
Foundation Topics 695
Security Tools 695
fail2ban 696
OpenVAS and Snort 698
Security Alert Services 698
OpenVPN 699
CA Setup 700
Create VPN Server Certificate 701
Create VPN Client Certificate 703
Basic Server Setup 705
Basic Client Setup 706
Exam Preparation Tasks 709
Review All Key Topics 709
Define Key Terms 709
Review Questions 710
Part XIV: Exam Preparation
Chapter 39 Final Preparation 713
Foundation Topics 714
How to Prepare for the LPI Exams 714
Exam Objectives 714
Important Exam Facts 714
Right Before Your Exam Starts 714
How to Look at the Objectives 715
Studying for the Exams-What to Do 717
Machines or Virtual Machines? 717
Studying for the Exams-What Not to Do 718
LPI Certifications and Distributions 718
You Have to Install Something 719
LPI Exam Question Types 719
Single Answer Multiple Choice 720
Choose Multiple 721
Choose All That Apply 721
Fill-in-the-Blank 722
Final Recommendations 724
Summary 724
Glossary 727
Appendix A Answers to "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes and Review Questions 739
Appendix B LPIC-2 Exam Updates 773
TOC, 9780789757142, 4/22/2016
