Part 1 Biological foundations of behaviour: functional neuroanatomy -the nervous system and behaviour; neurophysiology - conduction, transmission, and integration of neural signals; psychopharmacology -neurotransmitters, drugs, and behaviour; hormones and behaviour. Part 2 Evolution and development of the nervous system: evolution of brain and behaviour; life-span development of the brain and behaviour. Part 3 Perception and action: general principles of sensory processing, touch and pain, hearing, vestibular perception, taste, and smell; vision - from eye to brain; movements and actions. Part 4 The regulation of behaviour: sex - evolutionary, hormonal, and neural bases; homeostasis - active regulation of internal states; biological rhythms, sleep, and dreaming. Part 5 Emotions and mental disorders: emotions, aggression, and stress; psychopathology - biological bases of behaviour disorders. Part 6 Cognitive neuroscience: learning and memory - biological perspectives; learning and memory - neural mechanisms; language and cognition. Afterword - the ever-changing brain.