Introduction - multicultural policies and modes of citizenship in European cities, Alisdair Rogers, Jean Tillie and Steve Vertovec; Amsterdam - from group specific to problem oriented policy, Karen Kraal; ethnic mobilization in Athens - steps and initiatives towards integration, Marina Petronoti; tuning the channels - local government policies and immigrants' participation in Barcelona, Ricard Moren-Alegret; Birmingham - conventional politics as the main channel for political incorporation, Romain Garbaye; immigrants in a multinational political sphere - the case of Brussels, Dirk Jacobs; Marseille - institutional links with ethnic minorities and the French Republican model, Damian Moore; politics, welfare and the rise of immigrant participation in a Portuguese suburban context - Oeiras during the 1990s, Margarida Marquez and Rui Sntos; citizenship in a local key - a view from Paris, Riva Kastoryano and John Crowley; Tel Aviv - a migrants' city copes with a different type of migrant, Michael Alexander; contradictions of inclusion in a direct democracy - the struggle for political rights of migrants in Zurich, Hanns Mahnig and Andreas Wimmer; afterword - citizenship and its modes, John Crowley.