Contributors vii
Introduction: Goals and Challenges for the In-situ Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts 1
Jose A. Rodriguez, Jonathan C. Hanson, and Peter J. Chupas
1 QEXAFS in Catalysis Research: Principles, Data Analysis, and Applications 23
Anatoly I. Frenkel, Syed Khalid, Jonathan C. Hanson, and Maarten Nachtegaal
2 Spatially Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy 49
Christian G. Schroer and Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
3 Energy-Dispersive EXAFS: Principles and Application in Heterogeneous Catalysis 75
Mark A. Newton and Andrew J. Dent
4 In-situ Powder X-ray Diffraction in Heterogeneous Catalysis 121
Jonathan Hanson and Poul Norby
5 Pair Distribution Function Analysis of High-Energy X-ray Scattering Data 147
Karena W. Chapman and Peter J. Chupas
6 Neutron Scattering for In-situ Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysis 169
Ashfi a Huq and Wei-Ren Chen
7 Visualization of Surface Structures of Heterogeneous Catalysts under Reaction Conditions or during Catalysis with High-Pressure Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 191
Luan Nguyen, Shiran Zhang, Yingchun Ye, Yuan Zhu, Lei Wang, and Franklin (Feng) Tao
8 In-situ Infrared Spectroscopy on Model Catalysts 209
Kumudu Mudiyanselage and Dario J. Stacchiola
9 Infrared Spectroscopy on Powder Catalysts 241
Eli Stavitski
10 Structural Characterization of Catalysts by Operando Raman Spectroscopy 267
Gerhard Mestl and Miguel A. Banares
11 In-situ Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Powder Catalysts 293
Angelika Brueckner
12 Application of Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for the In-situ Investigation of Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions 315
David E. Starr, Hendrik Bluhm, Zhi Liu, Axel Knop-Gericke, and Michael Haevecker
13 Combined X-ray Diffraction and Absorption Spectroscopy in Catalysis Research: Techniques and Applications 345
Anatoly I. Frenkel and Jonathan C. Hanson
14 Combining Infrared Spectroscopy with X-ray Techniques for Interrogating Heterogeneous Catalysts 369
Mark A. Newton and Marcos Fernandez-Garcia
15 XRD-Raman and Modulation Excitation Spectroscopy 411
Wouter van Beek, Atsushi Urakawa, and Marco Milanesio
16 Catalyst Imaging Using Synchrotron-Based Multitechnique Approaches 441
Andrew M. Beale, Javier Ruiz-Martinez, and Bert M. Weckhuysen
Index 475
