Part 1: History of Nonhuman Primates in Captivity and Primate Welfare in different Settings.- Chapter 1: The History of Primates in Zoos.- Chapter 2: The History of Chimpanzees in Biomedical Research.- Chapter 3: Using Primates in Captivity: Research, Conservation, and Education.- Chapter 4: The Welfare of Primates in Zoo.- Chapter 5: Welfare of Primates in Laboratories: Opportunities for Improvement.- Chapter 6: The Welfare of Primates Kept as Pets and Entertainers.- Chapter 7: Primates Under Human Care in Developing Countries: Examples from Latin America.- Part 2: Assessing Nonhuman Primate Welfare.- Chapter 8: Using Behavior to Assess Primate Welfare.- Chapter 9: Cognitive Bias Tasks: A New Set of Approaches to Assess Welfare in Nonhuman Primates.- Chapter 10: Physiological Measures of Welfare.- Chapter 11: Questionnaires and Their Use in Primate Welfare.- Part 3: Nonhuman Primate Housing and Husbandry.- Chapter 12: Meeting Cognitive, Behavioral, and Social Needs ofPrimates in Captivity.- Chapter 13: Primate Breeding Colonies: Colony Management and Welfare.- Chapter 14: Common Husbandry, Housing, and Animal Care Practices.- Chapter 15: Housing and Husbandry for Primates in Zoos.- Chapter 16: Humane End Points and End of Life in Primates Used in Laboratories.- Part 4: Individual Differences, Application, and Improvement of Nonhuman Primate Welfare.- Chapter 17: Primate Personality and Welfare.- Chapter 18: Sociality, Health, and Welfare in Nonhuman Primates.- Chapter 19: Benefits of Improving Welfare in Captive Primates.- Chapter 20: Enrichment.- Chapter 21: Challenging Cognitive Enrichment: Examples from Caring for the Chimpanzees in the Kumamoto Sanctuary, Japan and Bossou, Guinea.- Chapter 22: Training Research Primates.- Part 5: Biomedical Research, Ethics, and Legislation surrounding Nonhuman Primate Welfare.- Chapter 23: Arguments Against Using Nonhuman Primates in Research.- Chapter 24: The Indispensable Contribution of Nonhuman Primates toBiomedical Research.- Chapter 25: An unexpected symbiosis of animal welfare and clinical relevance in a refined nonhuman primate model of human autoimmune disease.- Chapter 26: Animal Welfare, Animal Rights, and a Sanctuary Ethos.- Chapter 27: The Welfare Impact of Regulations, Policies, Guidelines and Directives and Nonhuman Primate Welfare.