Cardiovascular - cardiac arrest; myocardial infarction; pre-infarction syndrome; cardiac arrhythmias; acute pulmonary oedema; hypertensive emergencies; pulmonary embolus; dissections of the aorta; cardiac tamponade; respiratory - respiratory failure; chronic bronchitis; pure ventilatory failure; hypozaemic failure; severe attacks of asthma; pneumothorax; massive pulmonary collapse; acute laryngeal obstruction; massive pleural effusions; adult respiratory distress syndrome; pulmonary aspiration syndrome; community-acquired severe pneumonia; gastrointestinal - massive GI haemorrhage; lower GI bleeding; acute pancreatitis; ulcerative colitis; acute abdominal pain; pseudo-obstruction; acute gastric dilation; acute liver failure; acute renal failure; endocrine - diabetic ketoacidosis and coma; hyper-osmolar non-ketotic diabetic acidosis; urgent surgery in diabetics; hypopituitary coma; pituitary apoplexy; acute lactic acidosis; hypoglycaemic pre-coma and coma; Addisonian crisis; myxoedema coma; thyrotoxic crisis; acute hypercalcaemia; tetany; neurological - the competed stroke; transient ischaemic attacks; closed head injury; syncopal attacks; fits; spinal cord compression; acute ascending polyneuritis; myasthenia gravis; myasthenic crisis; cholinergic crisis; generalized tetanus; brain death; sickle cell anaemia; anaemia, the overdose - management; special agents hypothermia; acute febrile illness - the acutely febrile patients; AIDS; malaria; typhoid; general clinical problems - acute confusional states, delirium; acute psychoses; the poorly-perfused patient; blood transfusion reactions; anaphylactic shock; bacterial shock; the unconscious patient; severe chest pain; severe headaches; the acutely painful joint; the acutely breathless patient; social problems; central venous pressure and pulmonary artery occlusion.