Breeding strategies: incorporation of new information and technology in breeding and deployment strategies for black spruce; some computer-based tools in forestry and genetics; breeding strategies in northern forests - three examples from eastern Canada; scientific exchange of information for tree improvement programmes; reproductive biology of forest trees and its application in tree improvement; hastening seed production - a tool for increasing the rate of genetic improvement in eucalypt species. Population genetics and geographic variation: plus-tree selection as a tool in tree improvement; selection of superior trees; interactions of forest seedling nurseries and seed orchards; genetic improvement programme of prosopis in northeastern Brazil; population variation studies and their application in tree improvement programmes - an example with cupressus sempervirens - aristotelis c. papageorgiou; genetic improvement of sesbania sesban for agroforestry systems. Genetic diversity and conservation: minimum viable population size and the conservation of forest genetic resources; genetic diversity in east Asian pinus species; principles and problems in conservation of tree genetic resources. Vegetative propagation: application of biotechnology in forest trees - clonal multiplication of sandalwood, rosewood, eucalypts, teak and bamboos by tissue culture in India; application of tissue culture techniques in tree improvement; mass clonal propagation of tropical forest trees for improvement in timber yield and quality; selection of superior eucalyptus trees for industrial requirements. Biotechnology: genetic transformation in conifers; molecular markers - a tool for understanding the relationship among species of prosopis (leguminosae, mimosoideae)
