About the Authors, xi
Foreword, xv
Preface, xvii
Acknowledgments, xix
Section 1: The Science of Diagnostic Testing and Clinical Decision Rules
1 Diagnostic Testing in Emergency Care, 3
2 Evidence-Based Medicine: The Process, 11
3 The Epidemiology and Statistics of Diagnostic Testing, 19
4 Clinical Decision Rules, 36
5 Appropriate Testing in an Era of Limited Resources: Practice and Policy Considerations, 44
6 Understanding Bias in Diagnostic Research, 54
Section 2: Trauma
7 Cervical Spine Fractures, 67
8 Cervical Spine Fractures in Children, 80
9 Cervical Spine Fractures in Older Adults, 86
10 Blunt Abdominal Trauma, 92
11 Acute Knee Injuries, 97
12 Acute Ankle and Foot Injuries, 102
13 Blunt Head Injury in Children, 107
14 Blunt Head Injury, 117
15 Blunt Chest Trauma, 128
16 Occult Hip Fracture, 135
17 Blunt Soft Tissue Neck Trauma, 141
18 Occult Scaphoid Fractures, 147
19 Penetrating Abdominal Trauma, 153
20 Penetrating Trauma to the Extremities and Vascular Injuries, 162
Section 3: Cardiology
21 Heart Failure, 173
22 Syncope, 181
23 Acute Coronary Syndrome, 189
24 Palpitations, 205
Section 4: Infectious Disease
25 Bacterial Meningitis in Children, 219
26 Serious Bacterial Infections in Children Aged 1-3 Months, 223
27 Necrotizing Fasciitis, 227
28 Infective Endocarditis, 232
29 Pharyngitis, 238
30 Rhinosinusitis, 243
31 Pneumonia, 248
32 Urinary Tract Infection, 255
33 Sepsis, 259
34 Septic Arthritis, 270
35 Osteomyelitis, 278
36 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), 288
37 Influenza, 295
38 Pediatric Fever in Children Aged 3-36 Months, 303
Section 5: Surgical and Abdominal Complaints
39 Acute, Nonspecific, Nontraumatic Abdominal Pain, 309
40 Small Bowel Obstruction, 317
41 Acute Pancreatitis, 324
42 Acute Appendicitis, 330
43 Acute Cholecystitis, 340
44 Aortic Emergencies, 347
45 Ovarian Torsion, 351
Section 6: Urology
46 Nephrolithiasis, 359
47 Testicular Torsion, 365
Section 7: Neurology
48 Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, 375
49 Acute Stroke, 381
50 Transient Ischemic Attack, 387
51 Seizure, 394
Section 8: Miscellaneous: Hematology, Ophthalmology, Pulmonology, Rheumatology, and Geriatrics
52 Venous Thromboembolism, 403
53 Temporal Arteritis, 415
54 Intraocular Pressure, 421
55 Asthma, 430
56 Nontraumatic Back Pain, 441
57 Intravascular Volume Status, 450
58 Geriatric Syndromes, 457
Index, 471
