Environmental and Pollution Science, Second Edition, provides the latest information on the environmental influence of a significant number of subjects, and discusses their impact on a new generation of students.
This updated edition of Pollution Science has been renamed to reflect a wider view of the environmental consequences we pay as a price for a modern economy. The authors have compiled the latest information to help students assess environmental quality using a framework of principles that can be applied to any environmental problem.
The book covers key topics such as the fate and transport of contaminants, monitoring and remediation of pollution, sources and characteristics of pollution, and risk assessment and management. It contains more than 400 color photographs and diagrams, numerous questions and problems, case studies, and highlighted keywords.
This book is ideally suited for professionals and students studying the environment, especially as it relates to pollution as well as government workers and conservationists/ecologists.
Rezensionen / Stimmen
This updated edition of Pollution Science now includes the latest on environmental influcences and impact. It integrates a large number of environmental subjects and provides a realistic evaluation of pollution as a price we pay for a modern economy. It helps students and professionals assess environmental quality with a framework of principles that can be applied to any environmental problem. It also addresses tactical issues such as remediation, environmental monitoring, risk assessment, and management.
Auflage
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
Zielgruppe
Für Beruf und Forschung
Professionals and students studying the environment, especially as it relates to pollution; also government workers and conservationists/ecologists.
Editions-Typ
Maße
Höhe: 279 mm
Breite: 216 mm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-0-12-551503-0 (9780125515030)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Dr. Ian Pepper is a Regents Professor at the University of Arizona and also the Director of the University of Arizona Water and Energy Sustainable Technology Center (WEST). He is an environmental microbiologist whose research has focused on the fate and transport of microbial pathogens in air, water, soils and municipal wastes. His expertise has been recognized by membership on six National Academy of Sciences Committees. Dr. Pepper is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Microbiology, the Soil Science Society of America, and the American Society of Agronomy. He is the author or co-author of seven textbooks and over 200 peer-reviewed journal articles.
Dr. Charles P. Gerba is a Professor at the University of Arizona. He conducts research the transmission of pathogens through the environment. His recent research encompasses the transmission of pathogens by water, food and fomites; fate of pathogens in land applied wastes; development of new disinfectants; domestic microbiology and microbial risk assessment. He has been an author on more than 500 articles including several books in environmental microbiology and pollution science. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1998 he received the A. P. Black Award from the American Water Works Association for outstanding contributions to water science and in 1996 he received the McKee medal from the Water Environment Federation for outstanding contributions to groundwater protection. He received the 1999 Award of Excellence in Environmental Health from National Association of County and City Health Officials. Dr Mark Brusseau's work is focused on developing a fundamental understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological factors and processes influencing the transport and fate of contaminants in the subsurface environment. At the university he also teaches courses on Contaminant Transport in Porous Media as well as Soil and Groundwater Remediation. He has published over 250 works, and is a fellow of the American Geophysical Union and the Soil Science Society of America.
Autor*in
Professor, University of Arizona , USA
Professor at the University of Arizona.
University of Arizona at Tucson, USA
Part 1 Processes Affecting Fate and Transport of Contaminants
Chapter 1 The Extent of Global Pollution
1.1 Science and Pollution
1.2 Global Perspective of the Environment
1.3 Pollution and Population Pressures
1.4 Overview of Environmental Characterization
1.5 Advances in Analytical Detection Technology
1.6 The Risk Based Approach to Pollution Science
1.7 Waste Management, Site Remediation, and Ecosystem Restoration
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 2 Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Soils and the Subsurface
2.1 Soil and Subsurface Environments
2.2 Solid Phase
2.3 Gaseous Phase
2.4 Liquid Phase
2.5 Basic Physical Properties
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 3 Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Waters
3.1 The Watery Planet
3.2 Unique Properties of Water
3.3 Mechanical Properties
3.4 The Universal Solvent
3.5 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
3.6 Light in Aquatic Environments
3.7 Oceans
3.8 Lakes and Reservoirs-The Lentic System
3.9 Streams and Rivers-The Lotic System
3.10 Groundwater-Water in the Subsurface
3.11 A Watershed Approach
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 4 Physical-Chemical Characteristics of the Atmosphere
4.1 Chemical Composition
4.2 Physical Properties and Structure
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 5 Biotic Characteristics of the Environment
5.1 Major Groups of Organisms
5.2 Microorganisms in Surface Soils
5.3 Microorganisms in the Subsurface
5.4 Biological Generation of Energy
5.5 Soil as an Environment for Microbes
5.6 Activity and Physiological State of Microbes in Soil
5.7 Enumeration of Soil Bacteria via Dilution and Plating
5.8 Microorganisms in Air
5.9 Microorganisms in Surface Water
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 6 Physical Processes Affecting Contaminant Transport and Fate
6.1 Contaminant Transport and Fate in the Environment
6.2 Contaminant Properties
6.3 Advection
6.4 Dispersion
6.5 Mass Transfer
6.6 Transformation Reactions
6.7 Characterizing Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Contaminants
6.8 Estimating Phase Distributions of Contaminants
6.9 Quantifying Contaminant Transport and Fate
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 7 Chemical Processes Affecting Contaminant Transport and Fate
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Basic Properties of Inorganic Contaminants
7.3 Basic Properties of Organic Contaminants
7.4 Sorption Processes
7.5 Abiotic Transformation Reactions
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 8 Biological Processes Affecting Contaminant Transport and Fate
8.1 Biological Effects on Pollutants
8.2 The Overall Process of Biodegradation
8.3 Microbial Activity and Biodegradation
8.4 Biodegradation Pathways
8.5 Transformation of Metal Pollutants
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Part 2 Monitoring, Assessment, and Regulation of Environmental Pollution
Chapter 9 Physical Contaminants
9.1 Particle Origins
9.2 Particle Size
9.3 Particles in Air or Aerosols
9.4 Particulates in Water
9.5 Summary
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 10 Chemical Contaminants
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Types of Contaminants
10.3 Sources: Agricultural Activities
10.4 Sources: Industrial and Manufacturing Activities
10.5 Sources: Municipal Waste
10.6 Sources: Service-Related Activities
10.7 Sources: Resource Extraction/Production
10.8 Sources: Radioactive Contaminants
10.9 Natural Sources of Contaminants
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 11 Microbial Contaminants
11.1 Water-Related Microbial Disease
11.2 Classes of Diseases and Types of Pathogens
11.3 Types of Pathogenic Organisms
11.4 Sources of Pathogens in the Environment
11.5 Fate and Transport of Pathogens in the Environment
11.6 Standards and Criteria for Indicators
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 12
The Role of Environmental Monitoring in Pollution Science
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Sampling and Monitoring Basics
12.3 Statistics and Geostatistics
12.4 Sampling and Monitoring Tools
12.5 Soil and Vadose Zone Sampling and Monitoring
12.6 Groundwater Sampling and Monitoring
12.7 Surface Water Sampling and Monitoring
12.8 Atmosphere Sampling and Monitoring
12.9 Conclusions
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 13 Environmental Toxicology
13.1 History of Modern Toxicity in the United States
13.2 Toxic Versus Nontoxic
13.3 Exposure and Dose
13.4 Evaluation of Toxicity
13.5 Responses to Toxic Substances
13.6 Carcinogens
13.7 Mutagens
13.8 Teratogens
13.9 Chemical Toxicity: General Considerations
13.10 Chemical Toxicity: Selected Substances
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 14 Risk Assessment
14.1 The Concept of Risk Assessment
14.2 The Process of Risk Assessment
14.3 Ecological Risk Assessment
14.4 Microbial Risk Assessment
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 15 Environmental Laws and Regulations
15.1 Regulatory Overview
15.2 The Safe Drinking Water Act
15.3 The Clean Water Act
15.4 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
15.5 Federal Insecticide and Rodenticide Act
15.6 Clean Air Act
15.7 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
15.8 The Pollution Prevention Act
15.9 Other Regulatory Agencies and Accords
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Part 3 Land and Water Pollution Mitigation
Chapter 16 Soil and Land Pollution
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Surface Mining
16.2.1 Mine Tailings
16.2.2 Air Emissions
16.3 Deforestation
16.4 Soil Acidity-Salinity
16.5 Soil Erosion
16.6 Agricultural Activities
16.7 Animal Wastes
16.8 Industrial Wastes With High Salts and Organics
16.9 Invasive Species
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 17 Subsurface Pollution
17.1 Groundwater as a Resource
17.2 Groundwater Pollution
17.3 Groundwater Pollution Risk Assessment
17.4 Point-Source Contamination
17.4.1 Hazardous Organic Chemicals
17.5 Diffuse-Source Contamination
17.6 Other Groundwater Contamination Problems
17.7 Sustainability of Groundwater Resources
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 18 Surface Water Pollution
18.1 Surface Freshwater Resources
18.2 Marine Water Resources
18.3 Sources of Surface Water Pollution
18.4 Sediments as Surface Water Contaminants
18.6 Nutrients and Eutrophication of Surface Waters
18.7 Organic Compounds in Water
18.8 Enteric Pathogens as Surface Water Contaminants
18.9 Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)
18.10 Quantification of Surface Water Pollution
18.11 Determining BOD
18.12 Dilution of Effluents
18.13 Dye Tracing of Plumes
18.14 Spatial and Temporal Variation of Plume Concentrations
18.15 Compliance Monitoring
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 19 Soil and Groundwater Remediation
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Superfund Process
19.3 Site Characterization
19.4 Remediation Technologies
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 20 Ecosystem Restoration and Land Reclamation
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Site Characterization
20.3 Site Restoration
20.4 Site Monitoring
20.5 Approaches to Ecosystem Restoration
20.6 Land Reclamation
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Part 4 Atmospheric Pollution
Chapter 21 Sensory Pollutants, Electromagnetic Fields and Radiofrequency Radiation
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Heat
21.3 Light
21.4 Noise Pollution
21.5 Odor as a Sensory Pollutant
21.6 Electromagnetic Fields and Radiofrequency Radiation
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 22 Indoor Air Quality
22.1 Fundamentals of Indoor Air Quality
22.2 Sources of Indoor Air Pollutants
22.3 Factors Influencing Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution
22.4 Monitoring IAQ
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 23 Atmospheric Pollution
23.1 Air Pollution Concepts
23.2 Sources, Types, and Effects of Air Pollution
23.3 Weather and Pollutants
23.4 Pollution Trends in the United States
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 24 Global Change
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect
24.3 Other Global Changes
24.4 Solutions to the Problems of Global Environmental Change
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Part 5 Waste and Water Treatment and Management
Chapter 25 Industrial and Municipal Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Relevant Regulations for Industrial and Municipal Solid Wastes
25.3 Major Forms of Industrial Wastes
25.4 Treatment and Disposal of Industrial Wastes
25.5 Reuse of Industrial Wastes
25.6 Treatment and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste
25.7 Pollution Prevention
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 26 Municipal Wastewater Treatment
26.1 The Nature of Wastewater (Sewage)
26.2 Modern Wastewater Treatment
26.3 Oxidation Ponds
26.4 Septic Tanks
26.5 Land Application of Wastewater
26.6 Wetlands and Aquaculture Systems
26.7 Sludge Processing
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 27 Land Application of Biosolids and Animal Wastes
27.1 Biosolids and Animal Wastes: A Historical Perspective and Current Outlook
27.2 The Nature of Wastewater (Sewage)
27.3 Wastewater (Sewage) Treatment
27.4 Methods of Land Application of Biosolids
27.5 Benefits of Land Application of Biosolids
27.6 Hazards of Land Application of Biosolids
27.7 Sources of Animal Wastes
27.8 Nonpoint Versus Point Source Pollution
27.9 Benefits of Land Application of Animal Wastes
27.10 Hazards of Land Application of Animal Wastes
27.11 Public Perceptions of Land Application
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 28 Drinking Water Treatment and Water Security
28.1 Water Treatment Processes
28.2 Disinfection
28.3 Factors Affecting Disinfectants
28.4 Halogens
28.5 Disinfection By-Products
28.6 Residential Water Treatment
28.7 Water Security
28.8 Monitoring Community Water Quality
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Part 6 Emerging Issues in Pollution Science
Chapter 29 Genetically Engineered Crops and Microbes
29.1 Introduction to Nucleic Acids
29.2 Recombinant DNA Technology
29.3 Transfer of Nucleic Acid Sequences from One Organism to Another (Cloning)
29.4 Chemical Synthesis, Sequencing and Amplification of DNA
29.5 Heterologous Gene Expression in Pro- and Eukaryotes
29.6 Genetically Engineered Plants for Agriculture
29.7 Genetically Engineered Plants for Remediation
29.8 Microbial-Assisted Remediation
29.9 Potential Problems Due to Genetically Modified Organisms
29.10 Summary
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 30 Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Gene Transfer
30.1 Why Are Antibiotics An Issue?
30.2 Classification and Function of Antibiotics
30.3 Development of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance
30.4 Transfer of Genetic Material by Horizontal Gene Transfer
30.5 Prevalent Environments Favoring HGT
30.6 Isolation and Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
30.7 Incidence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Various Environments
30.8 Gene Transfer Between Bacteria-How Prelevants It?
30.9 Summary and Conclusions
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 31 Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disruptors
31.1 Endocrine Disruptors and Hormones
31.2 Significance of EDCs in Water
31.3 Incidence of EDCs in Water
31.4 Fate and Transport of Estrogenic Compounds in Municipal Wastewater
31.5 Methods for Measuring Estrogenic Activity in Water
31.6 What are the Risk of EDCs?
Questions and Problems
References and Additional Reading
Chapter 32 Epilogue: Is the Future of Pollution History?
32.1 The Role of Government in Controlling Pollution
32.2 Research Priorities Necessary to Protect Human Health
32.3 Pollution Prevention of Earth, Air, and Water
32.4 Is the Future of Pollution History?
