Rationale for gasless laparoscopy; basics and development; gasless laparoscopy in general surgery - evaluation and treatment of abdominal trauma, gasless echolaparoscopy, inguinal hernia repair, paediatric applications, appendectomy, cholecystectomy, apneumic laparoscopic colectomy; gasless laparoscopy in gynaecology - developments in gasless gynaecologic pelvioscopy, indications of gasless gynaecologic pelvioscopy, laparoscopic surgery on the adnexa, laparoscopic hysterectomy with conventional surgical instruments, gasless TM laparoscopic colpourethral suspension; perspectives.